Energy and Energy Transformation
Energy- The property of matter which manifests as the capacity to
do work
Example - A ball rolling across the floor. Although, this would be kinetic energy
Law of conservation energy
Elastic Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
Example : A ball rolling down a hill
Def - Energy in the form of motion
How it happens : When an object is put into motion
Potential Energy
Energy that is being stored or yet to be used
Example :Ball resting on the top of a hill
How it happens : Usually when something is still
Mechanical Energy
A type of energy in the form of kinetic or potential energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
How it happens? - Mainly when an object is above ground
Example: A ball in mid-air
Def: Potential Energy in the form of gravity
click to edit
Example: A ball resting on the table
click to edit
click to edit
Def: Potential energy due to an objects elasticity
Example: A bow and arrow being pulled back
How it happens? : When an object is being stressed from elasticity or stretching.
A law of energy which states energy can neither be created nor destroyed
Example: Energy is always transferred to a differnt type not destroyed.
click to edit
Heat and Heat Transfer
Energy Transformation
Def: The process of energy transofrming into another form of energy
Example: A ball resting on the top of a hill (Potential Energy) then rolling down that hill (kinetic energy)
click to edit
Thermal Energy
Def: The energy which exists in matter
The rays from the sun/Solar Energy
Heat Transfer
The transfer of thermal energy/heat
Example: A burner on a stove transferring it heat to a pot
Usually takes the form on conduction, raditation, or convection
Conduction
Def: Heat Transfer through Direct/Physical Contact
Ex. Someone touching a metal spoon
Covection
Heat transfer due to differnces in density
Example: Magma rising and falling due to the difference in density and temperature
Radiation
Def: Heat which transferes in the form of waves
Example: The suns waves which heat the earth
Thermal Equilibrium
Def: When two or more object reach the same temperature
Example: If a cold metal rod and a warm metal rod made contact for a extended period of time, eventually they would both reach the same temperature.
click to edit
click to edit
click to edit
States of Matter and Phase Changes
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Def: A state of matter in which molecules are tightly packed together and barely moving/vibrating
Def: A state of matter in which the molecules are moving quickly and are spread apart
Def: A state of matter in which the molecules are far enough apart they slide past each other.
Example: A simple pot of water
Example: Water Vapor coming from a boiling pot of water
Example: An Ice Block
Plasma
A state of matter when a gas is heated so much it become ionized
click to edit
Example: Most visible matter in space including stars are plasma
Sublimination
Def: When an object goes from a solids straight to a gas
Dry ice skips becoming a liquid and goes to a gas
Evaporation
Def: A phase change when an object usually goes from liquid to gas
Ex. Water boiling to the point of it becoming water vapor
Condensation
click to edit
Ex. Water vapor cooling into water.
Def: A phase change in which an object goes from as gas to a liquid
Freezing Point
Def: A point in which a object freezes or turns into a solid
Ex. water reaching its freezing point (0 degrees Celsius) and turning into a solid
Melting Point
Def: A point at which something changes/melts from a solid to a liquid
Ex. A block of ice reaching a temperature when it starts melting into a liquid
Boiling Point
Def: A point at which something changes from a liquid to a gas
Ex. When water reaches a temperature when its starts boiling and turns into a gas
Phase Change
Def: When matter changes from one state/form to another
Ex. A solid turning into a liquid or an ice block melting into water/ a liquid
Celsius
Def: A common unit of measuring the temperature of an object.
click to edit
click to edit