Energy and Energy Transformation

Energy- The property of matter which manifests as the capacity to
do work
Example - A ball rolling across the floor. Although, this would be kinetic energy

Law of conservation energy

Elastic Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy

Example : A ball rolling down a hill

Def - Energy in the form of motion

How it happens : When an object is put into motion

Potential Energy

Energy that is being stored or yet to be used

Example :Ball resting on the top of a hill

How it happens : Usually when something is still

Mechanical Energy

A type of energy in the form of kinetic or potential energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

How it happens? - Mainly when an object is above ground

Example: A ball in mid-air

Def: Potential Energy in the form of gravity

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Example: A ball resting on the table

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Def: Potential energy due to an objects elasticity

Example: A bow and arrow being pulled back

How it happens? : When an object is being stressed from elasticity or stretching.

A law of energy which states energy can neither be created nor destroyed

Example: Energy is always transferred to a differnt type not destroyed.

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Heat and Heat Transfer

Energy Transformation

Def: The process of energy transofrming into another form of energy

Example: A ball resting on the top of a hill (Potential Energy) then rolling down that hill (kinetic energy)

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Thermal Energy

Def: The energy which exists in matter

The rays from the sun/Solar Energy

Heat Transfer

The transfer of thermal energy/heat

Example: A burner on a stove transferring it heat to a pot

Usually takes the form on conduction, raditation, or convection

Conduction

Def: Heat Transfer through Direct/Physical Contact

Ex. Someone touching a metal spoon

Covection

Heat transfer due to differnces in density

Example: Magma rising and falling due to the difference in density and temperature

Radiation

Def: Heat which transferes in the form of waves

Example: The suns waves which heat the earth

Thermal Equilibrium

Def: When two or more object reach the same temperature

Example: If a cold metal rod and a warm metal rod made contact for a extended period of time, eventually they would both reach the same temperature.

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States of Matter and Phase Changes

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Def: A state of matter in which molecules are tightly packed together and barely moving/vibrating

Def: A state of matter in which the molecules are moving quickly and are spread apart

Def: A state of matter in which the molecules are far enough apart they slide past each other.

Example: A simple pot of water

Example: Water Vapor coming from a boiling pot of water

Example: An Ice Block

Plasma

A state of matter when a gas is heated so much it become ionized

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Example: Most visible matter in space including stars are plasma

Sublimination

Def: When an object goes from a solids straight to a gas

Dry ice skips becoming a liquid and goes to a gas

Evaporation

Def: A phase change when an object usually goes from liquid to gas

Ex. Water boiling to the point of it becoming water vapor

Condensation

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Ex. Water vapor cooling into water.

Def: A phase change in which an object goes from as gas to a liquid

Freezing Point

Def: A point in which a object freezes or turns into a solid

Ex. water reaching its freezing point (0 degrees Celsius) and turning into a solid

Melting Point

Def: A point at which something changes/melts from a solid to a liquid

Ex. A block of ice reaching a temperature when it starts melting into a liquid

Boiling Point

Def: A point at which something changes from a liquid to a gas

Ex. When water reaches a temperature when its starts boiling and turns into a gas

Phase Change

Def: When matter changes from one state/form to another

Ex. A solid turning into a liquid or an ice block melting into water/ a liquid

Celsius

Def: A common unit of measuring the temperature of an object.

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