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Philosophical movements 2A, imagine-cuento-ilustrado-john-lennon, image,…
Philosophical movements 2A
Rationalism
Main authors: Rene Descartes: Father of the idealistic theory. Baruch Spinoza: Proposes the unity of things Immanuel Kant: Proposes the theory of katana ethics
Interesting fact: It is the opposite to Empiricism. "I think therefore; I am" Rene Descartes
Description: Philosophical current that regards reason as the principal source of knowledge.
Scholasticism
Main Authors
-Thomas Aquinas
-Duns Scotus
Interesting Facts
They were called scholastic masters
They became theologians, lawyers and doctors
Description:
scholasticism was a movement in medieval times influenced by christianity that used a critical method of philosophical analysis, it was primarily based in proving the existence of God.
Humanism
Main Authors:
Francesco Petrarca, Vittorino deFeltre, Leonardo Bruni
Interesting facts:
- Despite humanism focusing on individuals, it also talks about social developement as collectives help for the developement of people
Definition:
It is a philisophical current that believes humans have the responsability to give meaning and purpose to their lives as individuals
Empiricism
Main authors: David Hume, Sir Francis
Bacon, George Berkley, Jhon Locke
Interesting fact: It is contasted with Rationalism. It works with the scientific method
Description:Philosophical current that states that knolwedge comes through the human senses and personal experiences
Hedonism
Interesting facts:
1. there were many theories but all of them saw pleasure as the best thing in life.
Nowadays the word Hedonism is used as the name of a brand of beach resorts that offer open bars and nudist beaches.
Description:
Current that states that pleasure is the
most important feeling for happiness is the good, and pain is the evil in life.
.
Main Authors:
Aristippus, Bentham, Mill, Moore.
Sophism
Main authors:
The main authors of Sophism Philosophy was Protagoras, Gorgias, Antiphon, Hippias, Prodicus and Thrasymachus but also has the influence of Plato and Aristotle.
Interesting Fact:
In sophism always wants to have the reason, that why "We are the champions" song is a good example of this philosophical movement
Description:
This is a philosophical school that their purpose is to defeat a point saying arguments and not knowing who's right or know the truth.
Stoicism
Main authors:
Zeno de Citium (creator) , Marco Aurelio and Nelson Mandela
Interesting fact
: the song "Imagine" by Jhon Lennon represents stoicism because it talks about internal peace and about living without worrying about external factor.
Description:
Philosophical current that talks about finding happiness by reacting to problems in a peaceful and relaxed way.
Pragmatism
Main Authors:Charles Sanders Peirce, John Dewey, James Williams
Interesting fact:
Pragmatism originated in the United States during the latter quarter of the nineteenth century.
It has significantly influenced non-philosophers in the fields of law, education, politics, sociology, psychology, and literary criticism.
Description:
Pragmatism is a movement that beliefs on a proposition is true if it works and is practical and if it doesn't work is not true, it also brings benefits
Aristotelianism
Main authors
Alasdair Maclntyre, Aristoteles and Karl Max
Interesting fact
: Aristotle was influenced by Plato and Socrates.
Description
: Is a philosophy from the Socratic period of ancient Greek, It´s a comprehensive system of philosophy. It covers existence, ethics, aesthethics, political theory and teology
Platonism
Main Authors: Plato, Socrates and Plotino
Interesting fact: Platonism was not actually created by Plato
Description: Platonism talks about abstract object and exist out of our reality, it has a relation with metaphysics
