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Knowledge Sharing Screen Shot 2020-10-07 at 12.04.56 PM, Reference: …

- - - - Face-to-face
        
        technology mediated (as in videoconferencing)
        
        unmediated (as in a telephone conversation)
      - through a document (as in a videotaped recording)
    - - From Actors
        
        Absorptive Capacity
        
        Incompatible Personality
        
        Reputation
        
        Disciplinary Ethnocentrism
        
        Communication Skills, Motivation
      - Channels
        
        Unmediated Face-to-Face
        
        Technology Mediated
        Face-to-Face
        
        Documentation
      - Organization
        
        Organisational Structure, Culture
        
        Office Layout, Work Design
        
        Sharing Champions
        
        Staff Tenure or Length of Service
        
        Management Support, Rewards and Incentives
      - Environment
        
        Government Policies, societal culture & Stability
        
        Economic Condition
  - - - Culture
      - Measurements
      - Infrastructure
        
        organization structure
        
        knowledge resources & processes
        
        networks
      - Technology
        
        data communication
        
        networking, collaboration tools
        
        other communication infrastructure.
  - - - Culture clash and differences among units
      - Organizational and national cultures
      - Fit between culture and knowledge
    - - Choice of a strategy
      - Stated goals and objectives
      - Strategic group or niche
    - - Power structure
      - Communication and leadership styles
      - Formal hierarchy
      - Team work, formality and incentive systems
    - - Industry volatility and life cycle
      - Location
      - Uncertainty, and casual ambiguity
      - Relationship with other firms as well as
        with political and legal agents
    - - Education and skills of employees
      - Available physical equipment and experience with similar technology
      - Firm infrastructure
      - Efficiency and quality
      - Turnover of inventory, equipment and people
  - - - Collaboration systems
      - articulated through an interactive session
    - - capturing it as a report, an e-mail, a presentation or a web page
      - Word processors, document management systems,
        web documents, etc.
    - - face to face meetings
      - is built and shared by experiences
    - - Collaborative learning systems
- - - - enables employees to work in different situations
      - experience the related problems and solutions for themselves, expanding their knowledge boundaries.
      - help employees learn from each other
      - reasons
        
        employee learning
        
        which makes employees more efficient and resourceful
        
        employer learning
        
        when employees work in different roles, employers learn about the weaknesses and strengths of individuals
        
        employee motivation
        
        working in a new environment can reduce boredom and inspire individuals to learn new things.
    - - provide a purpose
        
        on the outcome of activities or processes
        
        to provide employees direction to move away from their goals
        
        to establish new goals or adjust existing goals
        
        to provide guidance on performing activities
        
        to encourages critical reflection on situations and tasks
      - companies should arrang monthly one-to-one meetings
    - - controls the effects of related factors, as existing technology and management techniques
      - categories
        
        stability-oriented organisations
        
        which ignore the need for change and the transfer of knowledge
        
        change-oriented organisations
        
        which welcome any change created by KS
      - lack of supportive culture for sharing knowledge at the inter-departmental level
    - - enables employees to generate, store and share knowledge with other employees, teams and departments
      - connects organisations on the intra- organisational and inter-organisational levels and throughout the world
      - important for creating, storing, retrieving, transmitting and sharing knowledge in a collaborative environment
      - Lack of information sourcing opportunities to enable KS
    - - need to exchange knowledge and ideas through a process of social interchange
      - categorised by indeterminate personal responsibilities, fundamental rewards and trust
      - is more likely to arise when an organisation recruits new employees
      - reluctant to share their knowledge
    - - may be aware of the problems but not the solutions
      - aware of the requirements and knowledge gaps of the other employees, teams and organisations
      - raising awareness
        
        developing awareness programs
        
        Communicating about the company’s security policy
    - - Eliminates previous mistakes and removing weaknesses in organizations
      - insufficient training and learning is a large barrier to KS
      - prevents by
        
        Job training
        
        Generaal training
        
        impacts on general human capital and enhances productivity
        
        include training to enhance computer skills and language courses
        
        firm-specific training
        
        enhances knowledge solely in the employee’s current organisation
        
        provided knowledge of machinery, workplace infrastructure and procedures that are only used in that company
        
        provides knowledge of particular characteristics of the organisation’s products and customers
      - training on using effective methods to prevent identity theft
    - - insufficient motivation to share or receive knowledge
      - reluctant to play an active role in the KS process
      - include geographical distance, bureaucracy, language barriers, resistance to change, conflict avoidance and loss of power
      - supportive environment for this activity
      - No rewards or incentives were offered for sharing knowledge
    - - continuous support and clear, effective guidelines are required
      - required to develop an unrestricted culture and build an supported environment
      - leadership to provide guidance and education
        
        areas
        
        how to prevent identity theft
        
        how to protect personal and organisational knowledge
        
        identity-theft issues
    - - legal issues and financial losses
      - damage to an organisation’s reputation
      - loss of customer confidence
    - - identifying the risks
      - sharing knowledge about information security
- - - - Blogs & Wikis
      - Podcasts & RSS feeds
      - social networks like
        Facebook, Instagram. etc.