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Cell Cycle - Coggle Diagram
Cell Cycle
How does the cell cycle work?
Cell cycle uses a diploid cell, a 2n cell, that has two copies of each chromosome within the cell
Cells will go to the S phase, where the diploid cell will duplicate its DNA to have 4N
Meiosis makes a haploid cell, fertilizes it, and makes another diploid cell
Parts of cone chromosome will swap places w/ another chromosome to increase variability
4n cells meet in the middle and divides (mitosis) into two 2n cells
2n cells will divide again into 4 individual N (haploid) cells
Males; 4sperm Females; 1 egg and 3 polar bodies
During fertilization, the diploid # of chromosomes are restored when two haploid cells come together
Mitosis (replaces damaged cells) makes two cells that are diploid and identical which can be used in the cell cycle too
4n -> Two 2n cells
What are the steps of the cell cycle?
Interphase- Where the cell spends most of its time
Mitotic Phase- Copying of the nucleus and cell
Mitosis- Nucleus gets divided
Cytokinesis- Rest of the cell (cytoplasm, mitochondria, etc) is copied
G1- Cell spends a majority of its time growing
S Phase- All the DNA of the cell is copied through DNA replication
G2- Cell continues to grow while preparing for division of the cell
G0- When cells never divide again, they are stored in the G0 phase
How is the cell cycle controlled? When does the cell know when to divide? (Think of an hourglass)
Cyclins (a type of protein) are the sand in the hourglass
As the cyclins accumulate throughout the life of a cell, a certain number of cyclins fall to the bottom of the hourglass
Triggers the cell to go into the next phase
The amount of CDK is constant but the amount of cycline is builds throughout the cell cycle
Eventually, cycline will fit into the CDKs -> activated CDK complex (a protein that can do things) right before mitosis
After enough CDKs are gathered, Mitosis Promoting Factor (MPF), a type of CDK, will work on the cell
Nucleus will be broken apart, starting cell division
Work on the microtubials that build the cell spindle
After the MCFs have done their jobs, they will gobble themselves up and the cycle will restart
Note: The cyclins are accumulating throughout the cycle
