Ecology of the Family 👪
Family framework 🖼
social group
same residence 2or more 🏠
adopted ➕
birth/marriage related 👶🏼
type of family
nuclear 👫
family of orientation for kids
family of procreation for parents 🌎
parents help socialize and give affection ❤
depend of companionship
Ex: Bill's parents = family of procreation
Bill's wife and kids= family of orientation
main source of 🚸
extended family 👪
emotionally dependent
economically dependent
ethnic families = dominance
matriarchal 👒
patriarchal 🎩
egalitarian family =U.S.
Ex: Asian American
shared authority 🤝
rely on extended family = personal network
🚫 family = formal network
Basic Functions
reproduction 🥚
socialization & education
assigned social roles 🏛
pop. maintained
transmit knowledge/beliefs to Young
identity
racial/ethnic
socioeconomic 💰
gender 👦 👧
religion ✝
economic support
needs met 🥘
nurturance/emotional support ❤
child's first experience 🚼
intimate
societal change in family function
tech 💻
birth control
assistance/reproduction
economics=delayed child bearing ⛔
public schools emerged
family no longer teaches
productive economic role
work habits
reading
arithmatic
writing
sex education
anger management
substance abuse
change= chronosystem influence 🌎
agrarian 👩🌾
mother=nurture
father=authority
industrialization 🏭
expanded womens roles
women worked outside the home 👩🏭
economic support
cook/clean
labor=change 👥 parental roles
mother still child rear roles
child=family work
today
work seperate from family ➗
family unit
consumption unit ➕
production unit ❌
children=economic liability
egalitarian pattern of authority
family economic needs from farm/home
industry provides economic support
duel income families common
change in caregiving
sick/elderly cared for by family
elderly in nursing homes
medical care from hospitals
work provides medical benefits
Family transitions
structural change 🏛
industrial revolution 🏭
birth control reform
welfare reform
no-fault divorce law
family adapts to these influences
economy
social
political
technology
Family composition 👥
influenced by
biological factors= age, health, fertility 👵🏼
cultural/religious ⛪
psychological= stress 🤓
social=economic
changes include
additional family members
adoption ➕
remarriage ⛪
birth 👶🏾
relatives move in 👪
marriage, birth, death
events that affect kids the most
divorce 💔
cohabitation
single parent
step parents
series of stressful experiences
marital conflict prior
adjustment period after
reduction of resources
new roles/responsibilities
new interaction pattern
routine reorganization
new relationships
less supportive towards children
parents give kids more attention
additional kin
new roles/regulations
new traditions
no fault divorce law ❌
assets divided equally
social and economic impacts towards families
single parent = 2x responsibility
parenting stressful
Family Dynamics
ability to function=coping skills
support from community
economic disparity for females
attitude towards 2 parent family
mother only family
4 x likely to be poor
turn to extended family for support
back to normal function
child rearing, monitor behavior & beliefs
power allocated & responsibilities assigned
💸 to provide & needs met 💪🏼
caring and involvement
moving around transitions present 🚚
authority changes
less consistent
less control
less affection
children pick up the slack at home
change in employment
isolation/ shared burden
Stress on Children
develop loss/ change in loyalty 🏫
adjustment problems ⁉
act out at school
sadness
fear
deprivation
anger
school aged children struggle alot
affects on young children 🍼
aggression
unaffectionate
disobedient
fears
love loss
abandonment
bodily harm
communication not effective
adolescent changes 🆒
resentment
bid for parental loyalty
boys struggle more 👦🏽
loose concentration
poor tests/ math
aggressive towards others
Girls express emotion to get attention 👧🏻
cry/whine
pre- adolescent adjust 2-3 yrs.
struggle with gender role development
conflict with mothers
sexually active sooner
no live in gender role model
opposite sex role models can be found elsewhere in society
children need to be told they are not being divorced ⭐
long term affect= 🚫marriage role models
joint custody
custodial custody
adequate care provided
family supported
child's choice in account
28% kids live with single parent
uniform parentage act 2002 🔨
after parentage established= law supports
child support
visitation rights
child custody
health insurance
name change
mothers/strain= poor
single fathers= better economic protection
child care needed
lower social life
new programs support father emotional responsibility
Ex: paternity leave
ex: included in school programs
joint custody
equal decision making authority
sometimes equal physical custody
Binuclear family (divorced family)
2 homes
2 family groups
end up using kids for communication between parents
continual separation and reattachment can hurt little kids
school aged kids struggle with anxiety & confusion w/ schedules
have no obligation to child
Ex: at hospital child needs consent from biological parent
impact of remarriage second crisis
new problems
anger
jealousy
conflict/values
guilt
unrealistic expectations
most common= instant love
blended family adjustments
disengagement most common parenting style
kids struggle more with step mothers
loyalty conflict with biological and step parents
birth order hierarchy may change
half vs. blood rivalry
diverse families
unmarried
interethnic
interfaith
same sex parents
lack of legal sanctions
lack of child protection
help children form identity
help with identity
more diversity tolerance
lesbian couples most common
society fearful attitudes
1-children become homosexual
2- sexually molested
psychological damage by having 2 parents same sex
Macrosystem influences
socioeconomic status
position in society
ascribed status =assorted by
lineage
gender
birth order
skin color
achieved status
education
occupation
income
residence
traditional societies
modern societies
process called stratification
easier to change position in ascribed
conditions of birth affect status
=headstart
socialized my modeling elders
people can be inadequate for status roles
families with in their communities are stratified
more influence than race
Class differences
upper class
child carries name
bear max. cost of child rearing
teaching responsibility and achievement is hard
caregivers make implementation of family values hard
middle class
use reasoning/non physical parenting
conformity
exposed to more cognitive experiences and diff. language than lower class
abstract concepts of proper language understood
lower class
slow learners
economic pressure
lack of opportunities
parents more dominant and controlling
more physical punishment
underclass children
exposure to drugs/AIDS
child abuse
poor housing/homeless
crime
insufficient health care
low education
little to no community support
temporary assistance for needy families (TANF)
provides child care
parent education classes
job training
coping skills
socialization theories
operational def.
contains identifiable terms
can be researched
material/financial resources
human capitol
knowledge or skills
social capitol
connections
status
social selection theory
parents genes ultimately influence Childs life experiences
social causation theory
social class affects socialization strategy of parents
impacts child development
family stress model (FSM)
economic difficulties affect parents ability
emotions
behaviors
relationships
low economic statuses' and their consequences
extended investment model (EIM)
parents with higher socioeconomic status
greater economic, human & social capital
resources possessed increases
tendency & ability to promote well being
affects child's standard of living
affects child's learning resources at home
affects direct parent stimulation
understanding how variables/links in social causation model
helps to create intervention programs
ethnic orientation
race/religion
culture & nationality
federal programs based on ascribed characteristics
reaffirmed ascribed stats every 10 years
Ex: school grants/community grants
gemeinschaft groups/ high context
informal interpersonal relationships that are:
intimate
close
cooperative
communal
authority pattern
autocratic
ascribed rights
established hierarchy
political control
respect community customs
personal opinion & beliefs private
gesellschaft groups/ low context
interpersonal relationships
practical
associative
objective
formal
authority patterns
democratic
public discussions
click to edit
political control
fairness
equal rights
collectivism/ high context
cooperative & interdependent
well being of group
individualism /low context
competitive & independent
individual fulfillment
diverse socialization patters table: 3-2
norms/rules/patterns
basic ?? for understanding humans should ask themselves pg. 114
innate predispositions
valued personality type
relationship to human nature
sig. time dimention
humans relate
Religion
unified system if sacred beliefs
2007= 78.4 americans christian
influences community behavior & values
protestant majority in US & its ethic
belief in individualism
self sacrifice
efficiency
personal responsibility
productivity
promote self sufficient welfare programs
provides
divine ideology
coping skills
concept of death
establishment of ideology
Chronosystem
political
foreign policy
domestic policy
immigrant children
fastest growing segment of US pop. today
poverty
poor health
low education
infringe on ability to succeed
need to adapt to culture and a new language
have higher aspirations to succeed
terrorisms affects travel and fed. policies
deployed parents need fed. help for kids
decrease in financial aid
decrease in social services
welfare reform act in 1996
required both parents to financially help children
mail inspections
economic
erosion of employee health benefits
company down sizing
increased stress on parents
layoffs
two incomes needed
housing costs
negative affects on children
can fragment family relationships
less family quality time
technology
better health
broaden job opportunities
enhancing safety
cultivating efficiency\
expanding access
family empowerment
how people adapt and change affects all relationships
general effect= stress
physical stressor
sociocultural stressor
physiological stressor
Ex: disease, allergies, abuse
ex: crowding, traffic, crime,
Ex: personal reaction, crazy
empowerment
enable individuals to have control of their resources
power of family work
potential to transform lives
forge strong families
build strong communities
bring gods children back to him
can be social and playful
fathers were separated from family due to work outside the home
change in mothering roles at work and home made it stressful rather than happy work
bond over work/ structured play
enacts love
repetition
menial
mindless
demeaning