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Hypertension - Coggle Diagram

- - - - the fundus contain
        
        optic disc
        
        blood vessels
        
        retina
        
        macula
        
        fovea
      - used for
        
        diabetes
        
        melanoma
        
        hypertension
        
        macular degeneration
        
        retinal tear
        
        damage to the optic nerve
        
        glucoma
      - abnormal findings may include:
        
        arteriolar constriction
        
        flame like hemorrhage
        
        vascular wall changes
        
        cotton wool spots
        
        arteriovenous nicking
        
        yellow hard exudates
        
        optic disc edema
  - - - located lateral to the extensor hallucis longus
- - - - under 120 mmHg
        
        under 80 mmHg
        
        diastolic blood pressure
        
        systolic blood pressure
    - - 120-139 mmHg
        
        under 80-89 mmHg
    - - 140-159 mmHg
        
        90-99 mmHg
    - - over 160 mmHg
        
        over 100 mmHg
- - - - renin release from the kidneys
        
        renin act on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin 1
        
        ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) releases from the lungs
        converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
        
        angiotensin 2 act on the adrenal gland to stimulate the release of aldosterone
        
        aldosterone acts on the kidneys to stimulate reabsorption of salt NaCl and water
        
        angiotensin act directly on the blood vessels stimulating vasoconstriction,
  - - - both cases will lead to hypertension