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Restaurations and revolutions (1815-1848) - Coggle Diagram
Restaurations and revolutions (1815-1848)
Restauration and the 1814-1830 charters
Context
1814 → Napoleon abdicates
Louis XVIII succedes to Napoleon
Definitions
Charter: a constitution text
Parliamentary: system in which parliamentary directly elected, parliament has legislative power, chooses the government, respects the citizens and examines the government policies and administration
The 1814 charter
Granted 4ᵗʰ June 1814 by Louis XVIII
Main principles
Freedom
Religious
Individual
Press
Taxes
Employment
Independence of justice
Right of property
Political amnesty
All actions done before 1814 erased
Abolition of the compulsion and of the military service
Monarchy principles maintained
King → executive and legislative power
Chambre de Paris chosen by King
Chambre des députés elected by selective suffrage
State religion
Revolutionary and monarchic
The 1830 charter
Review of the 1814 charter
After abdication of Charles X
Revolutionary ideas maintained
Catholic not state religion
Meetings in the Chambre de Paris public
People can vote from 25y.o.
Tricolor flag
Complete separation of powers
Monarchic principles maintained
A step towards democracy
The Three Glorious Days
Context
After abdication of Napoeon I; defeat of Waterloo
Marseillaise forbidden
Tax-based system
Liberalism and nationalism restrained
Death of Louis XVIII → Charles X in power
Because of Charles X regime → violent reaction of french and press
Charles X regime
± absolute monarchy
Economic discontent
More and more authoritarian regime
Prime minister reactionary
Régime Légal interrupted
Force used instead of power
France wants to fight back
Important dates
6ᵗʰ July 1830 → restitution suspended
5ᵗʰ August 1828 → return to previous state
25ᵗʰ July 1830 → no press freedom
Beginning of the Three Glorious Days
The French people starts a revolt
26ᵗʰ July 1830 → opposition of liberal newspaper (clandestine revolt)
27ᵗʰ July 1830 → guilty journalists arrested
Liberty Leading the People
(Delacroix)
Consequences
After abdication of Charles X → Louis-Philippe takes the power
Liberal power
End of the Bourbon dynasty
King from the House of Orléans
Louis-Philippe
Wanted a constitution
Accepted by the popuation
Beginning of the July Monarchy
Chartism in Great Britain
A revolutionnary movement
Their aim was to gain rights for the working class
A 22 years campaign
They created a chart in 1838 to obtain the vote for the 21 years old
How they made their ideas known
Propaganda
Poster
Meeting
Glasgow May 21st 1838
Kennington Common London 1838
Assiociation
The London working Men's Association
How it ended
It was not a success
All petitions rejected
Petitions
1st Petition : 1 280 000 signatures
2nd Petition : 3 250 000 signatures
3rd Petition : 5 706 000 but 2 000 000 according to the Parliament
The French Revolution of 1848
Context
France governed by Louis Phillipe 1st
Guizet
President of the Council
Against any types of reforms
Was not liked by the population
Prohibition of blankets organized by citizens
The Revolution began in 1848
The demands of the revolutionaries
Expansion of the right to vote
Reduction of taxes
Right to work
Diminution of unemployment
Change of government
New Republic --> 2nd Republic
How the revolutionaries proceed
22nd February 1848 --> First day of Revolution
Protest at the Place de La Concorde
Guizot fired by the King
23rd February 1848
Shooting in the streets
24rd February 1848
The King abdicate
The population did not want King's wife's son to be the King
Alphonse de Lamartine declared a provisory government
The beggining of the 2nd Republic
The Consequences of the Revolution
Change of Constitution
23rd and 24th April
Election of the new constitutive assembly
The new assembly abolished slavery
Napoléon Bonaparte elected President on the 10th December of 1848
Creation of national workshops
Decrease of unemployment
New French motto : "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité"
Philhellenism
Greeks colonized by the Ottoman Empire --> 15th century
get independant in 1821
Saint Alliance = saved the greeks
payed a huge tax: Haraj
admired them
1897: treaty of constantinople
the Ottoman lost territory
1822: massacre of Kiels
Risorgimento 1815-1870
Italian revolution
was socially oppressed by Austria
Giuseppe Mazzini and Garibaldi= head of Italy’s revolution
population not united enough= fail of the revolution
Italia was a economic ressource for Austria
Austria main ally= Russia
ensured Italy’s safety
