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Topic 2 Terms, . - Coggle Diagram
Topic 2 Terms
Pyramid of biomass
- shows the biomass (the total dry mass of a species) at each trophic level. will go over it later
Ecological pyramids laws of thermodynamics
- will go over it later
Carnivore
-an animal that feeds on other animals/meat
Top carnivore
- Carnivore that is situated at the top of a food chain or pyramid. Feeds on other organisms though is not fed to anyone else.
Trophic level
- is the position the organism occupies in a food web.
Heterotroph
- is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead of taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter. In the food chain, they are not producers.
Biomass
- The mass of organic material in organisms or ecosystems, usually per unit area. Sometimes the term “dry weight biomass” is used where mass is measured after the removal of water. Water is not organic material and inorganic material is usually relatively insignificant in terms of mass.
Decomposer
- an organism that breaks down/decomposes organic material, usually a soil bacterium, fungus or invertebrate.
Population
- A group of the same species living in the same area at the same time and who produce fertile offsprings.
Autotroph
-An organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide.
Respiration
- occurs in all living organisms, intake of oxygen and release of Oxygen, producing energy.
Processes
-A naturally occurring or designed sequence of changes of properties or attributes of an object or system.
Community
-a group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat.
Bio-concentration
- the intake of a substance in an organism entirely by respiration from water in aquatic ecosystems or from air in terrestrial ones.
Ecosystem
-A community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment they inhabit.
Pyramid of productivity
- the production of biomass at each trophic level at a particular time. Will go over it later
non-biological toxin
- toxin that is man-made (radioactivity for example that is released from radioactive stations)
Consumer
- Consumer is a category that belongs within the food chain of an ecosystem. It refers predominantly to animals. Consumers are unable to make their own energy, and instead rely on the consumption and digestion of producers or other consumers, or both, to survive
Paradigm
-is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field.
Bioaccumulation
- the net accumulation (addition) of substances in an organism. E.g. pesticides in the water.
Productivity
- the conversion of energy into biomass over a given period of time. (biomass= the mas of an organism or ecoystem).
transformations
- when one compound changes due to natural or artificial conditions into another compound element, for example - ice (solid) melting into water (liquid)
nitrification
- a processes in the nitrogen soil cycle in which ammonia in the soil oxidizes and transforms into nitrate
mitochondria
- the powerhouse of the cell giving the other parts the energy / ability to complete tasks
matter
- anything that has a volume that will take up a space
nitrogen fixation
- when nitrogen in the air changes into ammonia
fossil fuels
- an nonrenewable energy source mostly carbon based such as oil and coal
deforestation
people cutting down trees for either timber or the wood or for the land the trees are on to such an extreme that it poses the risk of the forest being eradicated
hydro-logical cycle
- the water cycle, how water travels from land to the oceans / seas, how it evaporates into the skies and then comes back down as precipitation to restart the cycle
fecal matter
- feces / poop that most living organisms with a digestive system excrete
detrivores
- organisms - mainly many types of bacteria - that feed on dead organic tissue and material
Community -
A group of varying populations of species living and interacting with each other in the same habitat.
omnivore
- an animal that feeds on both plants and meat / other animals. for example: humans
herbivore
- an animal that feeds solely on plants (usually becomes prey to a carnivore) for example: hippopotumas
chemosynthesis
- the biological ability to be able to turn gasses like carbon dioxide and methane as well as other nutrients into organic matter to gain energy from.
excretion
- an action taken in all living organisms with a digestive or organ system that occurs when the organisms metabolism pushes out waste from mainly the liver lungs kidneys and colon.
Photosynthesis
- a process in which plants and some other organisms feed of the nutrients from CO2 and water thanks to the sunlight to synthesize these nutrients which creates oxygen as a positive consequence.
entropy -
a system's useless amount of thermal energy per unit temperature - energy that is not used and so is dispersed as heat.
food chain
- a linear system to show what animals are preyed on and what they are preyed upon by and what they eat for prey as well as herbivores and plants. it depicts how an entire ecosystem stays in function
food web
- a network of food chains that link together to depict how an environment and its biotic organisms live, you would usually find these in large places like a biome.
DDT & Mercury
- mercury and toxins are being released into the water which are affecting and damaging the fish which in turn will damage any human that eats that fish
Energy flow
- the amount of energy that moves through a food chain.
Energy subsidy
- Secondary energy that supplements the sun and allows plants to store and pass on more photosynthate is called auxiliary energy flow or energy subsidy. Usually intputed from outside the system
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Energy transfer
- the movement of energy from one location to another.
Energy
-the capacity for doing work.
Urbanization
- the population shift from rural to urban areas.
Inorganic
-a substance that is not produced by living organisms and that does not contain Carbon.
Efficiency
- how well energy can be transferred from one trophic level to the other.
Storage
- A location where energy or matter is at rest in one form or the other
Gross productivity
-the overall rate of energy capture (energy that is captured from its source (k.e. from wind) and harvested in one way or another).
Energy budget
- the taking in of energy from the environment by an organism and how it is used.
Insolation
-exposure of a given area to the solar radiation and sun's rays
Nitrogen fixation
-chemical processes by which molecular/atmospheric nitrogen is converted into organic compounds
Biochemical cycles
- aka cycling of substances. Are the natural pathways that are used for the circulation of chemical substances through biotic and abiotic factors of the Earth.
Net primary productivity
-The gain by producers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after allowing for respiratory losses (R). This is potentially available to consumers in an ecosystem
Net secondary productivity
-The gain by consumers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after allowing for respiratory losses (R).
Gross primary productivity
-The total gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time fixed by photosynthesis in green plants. crude birth rate – crude death rate
Gross secondary productivity
-The total gain by consumers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time through absorption
Net productivity
-The gain in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time remaining after allowing for respiratory losses (R). Other metabolic losses may take place, but these may be ignored when calculating and defining net productivity for the purpose of this course
Primary productivity
-The gain by producers in energy or biomass per unit area per unit time. This term could refer to either gross or net primary productivity.
Transformations
-energy transformations lead to an interaction within a system in the formation of a new end product, or involve a change of state
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Input
: A biological input is a living organism or element of biological origin (e.g. nettle manure), as opposed to elements of synthetic or mineral chemical origin, introduced to an agricultural plot or livestock building, in order to participate in the optimization of a production.
pyramid of numbers:
graphical representation in the form of a pyramid showing the feeding relationship and the number of organisms at each trophic level. Supplement. The pyramidal shape indicates that the number of organisms or species is largest at the bottom, and is narrowing towards the apex.
Habitat
: the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
aerobic
: any type of relatively low-intensity physical exercise where oxygen is used as the main source of energy to support muscular motor activity.
anaerobic
: any type of relatively low-intensity physical exercise where oxygen is used as the main source of energy to support muscular motor activity
output
: That which is thrown out as products of the metabolic activity of the body; the egesta other than the feces.
competition
: in biology, any antagonistic relationship involving the struggle for existence, for dominance, for food, space, and other resources between organisms, species, or populations of species that need the same resources.
Transfer
: Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
Molecules move within the cell or from one cell to another through different strategies.
Transformation
: The change from one type of energy from one form to another through a named process
sustainable yield
: to the amount of take/harvest/capture that can occur while maintaining the population's or ecosystem's stability and function
absorption:
The process of absorption or assimilation of substances into cells or through tissues and organs by diffusion or osmosis, as in the absorption of nutrients by the digestive system or the absorption of drugs into the bloodstream.
solar radiation incident:
The angle at which the sun heats the earth.
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