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population studies, effective? evaluate, (cause-effect r'ships) A -…
population studies
effects of pop issues
exceed carrying capacity
social
not enough med
not enough schs
econ
phy
political
lack of defence
under carrying capacity
political
econ
labour pool decrease
less competitiveness
social
physical
causes
ppecs
factors affects
high/low br/dr
trends
pop issues
under pop
low br/tfr
birth control
infant mortality rate
literacy rate
industrialisation
standard of licing
educated
ageing pop
over pop
high br/tfr
traditional/religious beliefs and customs
absence of old age security
adherence to religious doctrine
high infant mortality rate
absence of family planning programmes
political
low literacy rate
rural setting/environment
disempowerment of illiterate women
early marriages
increase in land productivity and food production
sols/measures
pro-natalist/anti-natalist policies
incentives (reward)
eg: baby bonus
tax relief
childcare leave
disincentives (punitive)
eg: higher taxes
higher delivery fees @ hospitals
effective?
evaluate
peel reasons
political
social
cultural
econ
(cause-effect r'ships)
A --> B --> C --> ...
elaborate/explain
(peel)