Biomes

Fauna

Terrestrial Biomes

Boreal Forest

Biotic Factors

Abiotic factors

Meteorology
Average temperature is -7 degrees celsius-21 degrees celsius
Rainfall: 500-1000mm of rain per yea

Geography
Copper Plateau Taiga
West Siberian Taiga

Distinguishing Factors
Boreal forests are the worlds largest intact forest ecosystem representing 25% of the worlds remaining forests.

Some pioneer plants from the boreal forest are liverworts and mosses.

Some apex predators of the Boreal Forest are grizzly bears and gray wolves.

NPP: 0.12 per kg biomass a year

Flora:
Conifers(Pinophyta)
Small shrubs(Latin suffrage)

Fauna
Voles(microtus)
Reindeer(Rangifer tarandus)

PIctures

Temperate Forest

Biotic Factors

Flora
American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
Carpet Moss (Hupnum)

Fauna:
Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
Skunk (Mephitidae

Abiotic factors

Meteorology:
Average temperature is 10-21 degrees celsius Rainfall:
750-1,500mm of rain per year

Geography:
Atlantic Oakwood forest
Valdivian and Magellanic temperate rainforest

Distinguishing Factors:
Temperate forests are those in regions that are neither too hot or too cold.
Temperate forest apex predators are black bears, wolves and eagles.

NPP:0.037 per kg biomass a year

Pictures

Tundra

Biotic Factors

Flora: Arctic sedges (Carex capitata) and Reindeer moss (Cladonia rangiferina)

Fauna: Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology: -34 to -6°C and 150 to 250 mm of rainfall/year

Geography: Canada and Russia

Distinguishing Factors: Pioneer species- Lichen, Keystone species- Arctic fox, and Apex predator- Snow Leopards

NPP: 0.233/ kg biomass/ year

Pictures

Tropical Savanna

Biotic Factors

Flora- Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon).

Fauna- Zebra (Equus quagga) and Lion (Panthera leo)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology: 20 to 30°C and 250 - 750 mm of rainfall/year

Geography: South Africa and Venezuela

Distinguishing Factors: Pioneer species- Bermuda Grass Keystone species- Elephants Apex predator- Lion

NPP: 0.225/ kg biomass/ year

Pictures

Tropical Rainforest

Biotic Factors

Flora

Fauna

Abiotic Factors

Meteorology

Geography

Distinguishing Factors

NPP

PIctures

Temperate Grassland

Biotic Factors

Flora: Coneflowers (Echinacea) and Milkweed (Asclepias)

Fauna: Prairie dogs (Cynomys) and Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology: -18 to 32°C and 200-350 mm of rainfall/year

Geography: Argentina and Australia

Distinguishing Factors: Pioneer species- Lichens, Keystone species- Prairie dogs, and Apex predator- Wolves

NPP: 0.375/ kg biomass/ year

Pictures

Desert

Biotic Factors

Flora
Joshua Trees (Yucca Brevifolia)
Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera)

Fauna
Camels (Camelus)
Road Runner ([Geococcyx)]

Abiotic factors

Meteorology: Average temperature is ~38 degrees Celsius. Rainfall: 250 mm per year, <300 mm a year

Geography
Mojave Desert
Sahara Desert

Distinguishing Factors
Some pioneer species in the northern Mojave Desert are Acamtopappus schocley Gray, Lepidium fremontii Wats.

An apex predator in the desert is a coyote and a red-tailed hawk.

NPP: 1.5 per kg biomass a year

PIctures

Aquatic Biomes

Coral Reef

Biotic Factors

Flora

Fauna

Abiotic factors

Meteorology

Geography

Distinguishing Factors

NPP

Pictures

Estuaries

Biotic Factors

Flora:
Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora)
Salt meadow hay (Spartina Patens)

Fauna:
Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology:
Average temperature is13-17 degrees celsius
Rainfall:Receives little precipitation throughout the year.

Sometimes<50mm and<375mmThe average ranges from 100mm-175mm.

Geography:
Chesapeake Bay Estuary

Gulf of Ob Estuary

Distinguishing Factors:
An example of a pioneer species in this biome are salt marshes.

Oysters are a keystone species in this biome.

Some apex predators that live in the estuary biome are dolphins, sea lions and fur seals

NPP:2 per kg biomass a year

Pictures

Lakes

Biotic Factors

Flora
Cattails (Typha)
Elodea (Elodea canadensis)

Fauna
Ducks (anas)
Sunfish (mola mola)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology
Average temperature is18.8-24.5 degrees celsius
Rainfall: 850mm of rain average per year

Geography
Lake Tahoe

Lake Pehoe

Distinguishing Factors
Some keystone species of the Great Lakes include cisco, sculpin and non-native rainbow smelt.

An apex predator in likes would be species like the European catfish.

NPP:0.1914 per kg biomass a year

PIctures

Wetlands

Biotic Factors

Flora

Fauna

Abiotic factors

Meteorology

Geography

Distinguishing Factors

NPP

PIctures

Benthic Zone

Biotic Factors

Flora

Fauna

Abiotic factors

Meteorology

Geography

Distinguishing Factors

NPP

PIctures

Intertidal Zone

Biotic Factors

Flora

Fauna

Abiotic factors

Meteorology

Geography

Distinguishing Factors

NPP

PIctures

Rivers

Biotic Factors

Flora: Waterthyme (Hydrilla verticillata) and Cattail (Typha latifolia)

Fauna: Waterthyme (Hydrilla verticillata) and Cattail (Typha latifolia)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology: 0 to 30°C and rainfall levels vary extensively because of the geographical locations of rivers. In rivers near the tropical rainforest they get from 500-2600 mm of rainfall/year.

Geography: Mississippi River (North America) and Amazon River (South America)

Distinguishing Factors: Pioneer species- Woody Riparian Vegetation, Keystone species- Beaver, and Apex predator- Wels Catfish

NPP: 0.4/ kg biomass/ year

Pictures

Mangroves

Biotic Factors

Flora: Fern (Tracheophyta) and Water lilies (Nymphaeaceae)

Fauna: Marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) and Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)

Abiotic factors

Meteorology: 10 to 19° C and 1500-3000 mm of rainfall/year

Geography: India and Australia

Distinguishing Factors: Pioneer species- Avicennia, Keystone species- Mud crabs, Apex predator- Bengal tigers

NPP: 1.20788 /kg biomass /year

Pictures

Thy

Kaitlyn

Boreal Forest

Copper Plateau

Magellanic temperate rainforest

Temperate forest Fox

Lake Tahoe

Lake Sunfish

Chesapeake Bay

Estuary Mussel

Sources:

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/biome/biodesert.php#:~:text=The%20temperature%20in%20the%20desert,the%20location%20of%20the%20desert.

https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6870186-role-pioneer-species-revegetation-disturbed-desert-areas#:~:text=Some%20pioneer%20species%20do%2C%20however,Wats.

http://digital-desert.com/wildlife/food-chains/#:~:text=Typical%20Desert%20Food%20Chains&text=Man%20is%20the%20top%20predator,at%20one%20time%20the%20wolf.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/desert-food-chain-lesson-for-kids.html

Pictures: https://www.missbilovsky.com/student-blogs/california-regions-deserts

https://www.booking.com/hotel/ma/mouhou-desert-camp.html

Sources:

http://apbiologykornytoto.weebly.com/producer.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_rainforest#Europe

http://367809224982228052.weebly.com/apex-predetors.html#:~:text=The%20apex%20predators%20are%20the,mostly%20in%20south%20east%20Alaska.

https://biologydictionary.net/deciduous-forest-facts/

Pictures:

http://tempdecfor.weebly.com/fox.html

https://forestryandland.gov.scot/what-we-do/biodiversity-and-conservation/habitat-conservation/woodland/atlantic-woodland

Sources:

https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-boreal-forest-food-web.html#:~:text=Producers%20in%20the%20boreal%20forest%20are%20conifers%2C%20small%20shrubs%2C%20moss,like%20caribou%2C%20reindeer%20and%20moose.

https://www.eartheclipse.com/ecosystem/taiga-boreal-forest-biome.html

http://www.appstate.edu/~neufeldhs/ecosystems/biomessynthesis.htm

https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static-sf/statewide/aquatic_ed/AWC%20ACTIVITIES/FORESTS%20&%20WILDLIFE/BACKGROUND%20INFORMATION/Forests%20IV_Succession%20Facts.pdf

Pictures:http://bioimages.vanderbilt.edu/ecoregions/50604.htm https://www.britannica.com/place/West-Siberian-Plain

Sources:

https://www.lakeaccess.org/ecology/lakeecologyprim14.html#:~:text=The%20best%20known%20group%20of,exploit%20different%20habitats%20(niches).

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/courses/OCN401/401_Fall2011/Lakes_Ch7_092211.pdf

https://www.weather-us.com/en/california-usa/upper-lake-climate

Pictures:https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g45961-Lake_Tahoe_Nevada_Nevada-Vacations.html

Sources:

http://resources.hwb.wales.gov.uk/VTC/env-sci/w23_id_npp_sea.htm

https://www.fws.gov/BearsBluff/pdfs/KnowYourEstuary.pdf

https://coast.noaa.gov/data/estuaries/pdf/estuary-food-pyramid-resources.pdf

https://estuarybiomeinfo.weebly.com/climate--precipitation.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary#Africa

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002209811630199X#:~:text=Three%20apex%20predators%20coexist%20in,(SAFS%2C%20Arctocephalus%20australis).

Pictures:https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/estuarylife.html

https://www.washingtonian.com/2016/07/15/exploring-chesapeake-bay-travel-guide/

Açai Palm (Euterpe precatoria)
Bromeliads(Bromeliaceae)

Red-eye tree frog ( Agalychnis callidryas)
Jaguar (Panthera onca)

20 - 30 degrees celsius
2032 mm (average rainfall)

Amazon Rainforest (South America)
Congo Rainforest (Africa)

0.049 per Kg of biomass per year

very high annual rainfall, high average temperatures, nutrient-poor soil, and high levels of biodiversity
Keystone species: Agouti

24.44 - -1.11 degrees celsius
1498.6 - 5080 mm (average rainfall)

South African Savanna

Venezuelan Savanna

Everglades
Okavango Delta.

1.6 kg per biomass per year

Links:

https://www.feedipedia.org/node/395

https://sites.google.com/site/savannalivkobylinski/home/biotic-and-abiotic

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/p/plains-zebra/

https://biomeprojectemmagausman.weebly.com/succession.html#:~:text=In%20the%20tropical%20grasslands%20and,shrubs%20such%20as%20the%20Abal.

https://www.thoughtco.com/land-biomes-savannas-373494

http://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/reference/assets/keystone-species-4.pdf

They are neither totally dry land nor totally underwater; they have characteristics of both. Watery soil. The saturation of wetland soil determines the vegetation that surrounds it.
Keystone species: castor canadensis

Spoonbills (Platalea)
Golden perch (Macquaria ambigua)

Water lilies (Nymphaeaceae)
Tamarisk (Tamarix)

Seastar (Asteroidea)
Sea urchins (Echinoidea)

Canadian Tundra

Eelgrasses (Zostera)
Red algae (Rhodophyta)

0.75 kg per biomass per year

Russian Tundra

Channel islands
Coast of Russia.

Links:

2 - 3 degrees Celcius
2540 mm

The lowest level of a marine or freshwater system and includes the sediment surface.
Keystone species: Sea otter.

https://staff.4j.lane.edu/~ruggiero_s/Ecology_Botany/Assignment_1_files/Biome%20Investigation%20Student%20Example.pdf

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/tundra-biome/#:~:text=The%20Arctic%20tundra%2C%20where%20the,snow%20geese%2C%20and%20musk%20oxen.

https://thefuntundra.weebly.com/succession.html

http://underthesnow.weebly.com/apex-predators.html#:~:text=In%20the%20Alpine%20Tundra%2C%20the,)%20Eagles%2C%20and%20many%20more!

0.34 kg per biomass per year

submerged with water during high tide and exposed to the air during low tide. The zone can take many forms, from sandy beaches to rocky cliffs
Keystone species: Pisater Ochraceus sea star

Off the coast of California
Off the coast of Rio de Janeiro

2540 mm
23-38 degrees celsius air temperature

Hermit crabs ( Paguroidea)
Gastropods (Gastropoda)

Sea lettuce (Ulva)
Sea palms (Postelsia palmaeformis)

Parrotfish (Scaridae)
Clownfish (Amphiprioninae)

2 kg per biomass per year

Coral reefs are shallow-ocean habitats that are filled with sea life. The massive structure that the coral reef is comprised of is actually built out of coral polyps, which are small marine animals that thrive in colonies.
Keystone species: Coral

Great Barrier Reef.
Belize Barrier Reef

2540 mm
23 - 29 degrees celsius

mangrove (Rhizophora mangle)
Turtle grass (Thalassia)

Argentinian Grassland: