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Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry
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6. Acids and alkali
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pH scale:0-6 Acids , 7 neutral , 8-14 alkali
0-2 (red) 3-4 (orange) 5-6 (yellow) 7 (green)
8-11 (green-blue) 12-14 (purple violet)
Different species of plants grow in different acidity or alkalinity of soil
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7. Atoms
Atomicnumber: The number of protons
Mass number/Nucleon number:The number of protons+number of neurons
Number of protons=Number of electron
Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Same chemical properties but different physical properties like density,boiling point
Electron shell:
First shell:Max 2 electrons
Second shell:Max 8 electrons
Third shell:Max 8 electrons
Forth shell:Max 4 electrons
Ions: when a atom gains or loses electron it becomes an ion
Atoms of metals always loses electrons to form positive ions and atoms of non-metals usually gain electron to form negative ions
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4. Separating mixtures
Magnetic attraction
Filtration
Evaporation
Crystallisation
Chromatography
Distillation
Fractional distillation
Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid like sand and water , sieve , teabags and sink filter.
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Chromatography is used to separate different components in a mixture.The solvent must be below the starting line , use a pencil to draw the starting line , the solvent front must be as high as possible.
This is used to identify the contents of the mixture and to test the purity of the mixture
Simple/fractional distillation is used to separate liquid from solution.Fractional distillation is used to separate two or more miscible(liquids which dissolve in each other) liquids.
Boiling chips are used to smoothen the boiling by reducing bumping of liquid
Fractionating column allows a liquid of higher boiling to condense and fall back during distillation of a substance of lower boiling point.