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IDEA Categories - CERT 09/2020 Cohort 5, Levels, • Chromosomal, Know the…

- - - - Discrete Trial Training: Breakdown tranining into small, 'discrete' activities with reinforcments
      - Pivotal Response Training: Play based and initiated by the child
      - Applied Behavior Analysis: The use of positive reinforcement, ABC strategies (antecedent, behavior, consequence)
    - - Low student to teacher ratio
      - Visual instruction: schedules and story based instruction
      - Family traininng
      - High degree of routines and predictable behavior
  - - - Poor eye contact
      - Unable to see social cues
      - Lack of speech skills such as abilility to keep a conversation going
      - Irregular tone of voice
      - Repetitive behaviors
  - - - Other At: Mid-tech spoken messages
      - Mid-Tech AT: audio books, screen amplifier, motorized wheelchair
      - Low Tech AT: pencil grips, slant boards, visual schedule
- - - - Auditory
        
        Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants
        
        Hearing Loop Systems
        
        FM Systems
        
        Infrared Systems
        
        Assistive Devices for People with Hearing, Voice, Speech, or Language Disorders. (2020, July 15). Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/assistive-devices-people-hearing-voice-speech-or-language-disorders
      - What is AT? (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.atia.org/home/at-resources/what-is-at/
      - Visual
        
        Visual Alerting Devices
        
        Captioning
        
        Real-time Transcription
        
        Center, G. (n.d.). Assistive Technologies for Individuals Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www3.gallaudet.edu/clerc-center/info-to-go/assistive-technology/assistive-technologies.html
  - - - Sec. 300.8 (c). (2018, May 25). Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://sites.ed.gov/idea/regs/b/a/300.8/c
      - Possible Causes
        
        Congenital
        
        Infections during pregnancy
        
        Low birth weight
        
        Birth asphyxia
        
        Acquired
        
        Infectious Disease
        
        Chronic otitis media
        
        Head/ear injury
        
        Chronic ear infections
        
        Side effects of certain medicines
        
        Deafness and hearing loss. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss
  - - - Have student sit near the front to better take advantage of assisted listening devices or more easily read the board and any captioned videos
      - Seat deaf student with another hearing student and encourage them to work together on class projects
    - - Offer written lecture notes
      - Be sure any videos used have captions
      - Present topics using presentations to avoid turning your back to the student (better enable lipreading)
      - Use physical manipulatives when possible
    - - Consider differences in vocabulary-learning
      - Allow more time for certain tasks
    - - Encourage pre-teaching vocabulary and constant revision at home
    - - Mathematics Differentiated Instructional Strategies - Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://ttaconline.org/differentiated-instructional-strategies-deaf
      - Teaching Strategies for Hearing Impaired Students. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://www.ferris.edu/RSS/disability/faculty-staff/classroom-issues/hearing/hearing-strategy.htm
- - - - Prematurity
      - Childbirth Complications
      - Meningitis
      - Brain Injury
      - Inherited Conditions
      - Stroke
      - Asphyxia
- - - - Some of the characteristics and behaviors seen in children who have an emotional disturbance include:
        Hyperactivity (short attention span, impulsiveness);
        Aggression or self-injurious behavior (acting out, fighting);
        Withdrawal (not interacting socially with others, excessive fear or anxiety);
        Immaturity (inappropriate crying, temper tantrums, poor coping skills); and
        Learning difficulties (academically performing below grade level).
  - - - Effective Classroom Management Strategies
      - Conflict Management
        
        Remember to avoid overloading !
        
        Students with ED can feel overwhelmed more easily.
        
        In fact, "students with EBD cope with a host of distractions and competing events. Many put
        considerable effort into a particular academic
        task ... while [simultaneously focusing] more
        effort on adjusting for their disability. When additional tasks
        are ‘piled on,’ a student’s ability
        to cope effectively is then compromised; frustrations ... and aggression often follow" (Howard, et. al. 2007)
      - Working with the Student on some Self-Monitoring Strategies
    - - "if the student knew that
        a number of the demands would
        be removed by using a tool, such
        as a talking word processor, the
        potential for frustration might be markedly
        reduced"
        (Howard, et. al. 2007)
      - AT can assist in removing or reducing some of the stress a student with ED may feel by reducing the cognitive demands of multi-dimensional or multi-tiered tasks
        
        AT for Reading
        
        Text-to-Speech software
        can help "decode"
        the printed word for some
        ED students
        
        AT for Writing
        
        Graphic Organizers
        
        "provide them a framework for visually organizing thoughts", thereby, reducing the perceived challenges of the task at hand
        (Howard, et. al. 2007)
        
        Speech Recognition Software
        
        ED students may be put at ease if they know at the start of the activity that the task of handwriting has been eliminated
        
        Talking Word Processors
        
        AT for Math
        
        Special Calculators may visual representations for a problem
        
        certain calculator software will also provide and list the required steps to complete more challenging math problems
      - Other AT Tools
        
        Things like stop watches, hand-held counters or other computer devices may assist in helping to track and measure student behavior
  - - - Because it includes....
        
        Anxiety Disorders
        
        ADHD, Hyperactivity, PTSD and more
        
        Bipolar Disorder
        
        Conduct Disorder
        
        Eating Disorders
        
        Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
        
        Psychotic Disorders
  - - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKDjfPMek3k&t=5s
- - - - Some of the best assistive technologies to use with those with developmental delays are: Audio books, Text to speech software, FM Systems, Communication boards etc.
        This list is not conclusive there are many assistive technology devices that can help.
  - - - How are they developing in the following areas?
        
        Motor
        
        Cognition
        
        Social - Emotional
        
        Adaptive Skills
  - - - )
      - MODERATE
- - - - Babies with hearing impairment needs to receive intervention not after 6 months of age
      - Every state has an Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) program.
      - Technology
        
        Hearing aids
        
        Cochlear or brainstem implants
        
        Bone-anchored hearing aids
        
        Other assistive devices like: FM System, Captioning, Telephone amplifier, infrared listening devices,
      - Family Support Services
  - - - “an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance but is not included under the definition of ‘deafness.'” (IDEA)
        
        Causes:
        
        Genetics
        
        Environmental
        
        Classified by levels: mild, moderate, severe and profound.
        
        Impact
        
        Children with hearing loss can have trouble learning, producing** and understanding language.
  - - - Captioning
      - Bluetooth
      - Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs)
      - FM Systems
      - Infrared Systems (IR)
      - Hearing Loops
      - CART
- - - - Children with ID generally show difficulties in: (https://www.edb.gov.hk/attachment/en/edu-system/special/resources/serc/download/id_e.pdf)
        
        Cognition
        
        Attention
        
        Language
        
        Adaptive skills
        
        Perceptual Motor:
        
        Memory:
      - Related and co-occurring conditions
        
        Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
        
        Autism spectrum disorder
        
        Social communication disorder
        
        Specific learning disorder
  - - - by adopting effective teaching materials and methods, and making adjustment in the instruction based on continuous monitoring of the students’ learning progress
      - by “add-on” intervention in the form of small-group learning support for students with persistent learning difficulties
      - by the form of individual education plans for students with significant difficulties in learning academic subjects, social skills, and adaptive life skills.
      - Professional Support: Arrange educational psychologist, speech therapist, etc.
- - - - "[simultaneous] impairments (such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely for one of the impairments"
  - - - However, "an estimated 20-40% of deaf and hard-of-hearing children have accompanying disabilities" (Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, 2011)
- - - - special feedings;
      - clean intermittent catheterization;
      - suctioning;
      - the management of a tracheostomy;
      - administering and/or dispensing medications;
      - planning for the safety of a child in school;
      - ensuring that care is given while at school and at school functions to prevent injury (e.g., changing a child’s position frequently to prevent pressure sores);
      - chronic disease management; and
      - conducting and/or promoting education and skills training for all (including the child) who serve as caregivers in the school setting.
      - revise PE and active participation requirements
      - attention to classroom layout
      - ready contact with students' healthcare professional or emergency services
    - - A plan to help students integrate in school after a long period of absences
  - - - by the American Academy of Pediatrics (2007):
        
        personal physician,
        
        physician-directed medical practice,
        
        whole person orientation,
        
        coordinated care,
        
        quality and safety,
        
        enhanced access, and
        
        appropriate payment.
- - - - language selector for ESOl students
        
        word processors for those who struggle to write
  - - - extended time for tests and quizzes, also time and a half for classwork
        
        standardized tests to determine disability
      - Behavior Intervention Plan
  - - - affected mostly with reading ,writing, and math
- - - - Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF)- Play the users voice back at a delayed speed of a fraction of a second.
        Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF)- Similar to DAF but this displays the users hearing thier own voice, at different pitches and sounds.
        
        Assistive technology
  - - - HIGH!
    - - Barriers that affect the students ability to read, write , talk or understand.(http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/speech-language-impairments/)
- - - - TBI occurs most often as the result of falling down or being hit in the head. As such, making a child's immediate home and school environment safe is the best preventative measure.
        
        Wear a helmet
        
        Safety gates for stairs
        
        "Child proof" the playground (click for a manual from the CDC)
    - - Have a peer or adult help the child with mobility and classwork
      - "Classroom structure should... include a predictable and consistent routine." (Bowen, 2008)
      - Have classroom be quiet and streamlined to prevent overstimulation
      - "Altering the expectations for student participation" (Bowen, 2008)
        
        More time to take tests
        
        Assign less written work
        
        Pass-Fail grades, as opposed to letter grades
  - - - Memory Notebook
        
        Helps with organization. Can contain reminders, checklists, contacts, etc.
      - Smartphone
        
        Accessible device that helps with communication and engagement
    - - Wheelchair
      - Walker
      - Electric Scooter
    - - Interactive Metronome https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nf4QGOaHOC0
  - - - Potential Effects
        
        Sensation (impairments to sight and balance, hypersensitivity to sound)
        
        Language (loss of comprehension ability)
        
        Emotion (depression, anxiety, PTSD, loss of social filter)
        
        Moderate and Severe TBI
        
        Physical (migraines, vertigo, seizures, epilepsy)
        
        https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGhm98l1MTE
        
        Cognitive (impairments to memory and reasoning, lack of organizing ability)
  - - - 155 Americans die a day from TBI, according to CDC data from 2014.
        
        In addition, TBI is the leading cause of death and disability for children aged 0-4 and adolescents aged 15-19, according to CDC data from 2015.
- - - - Causes
        
        Amblyopia-(reduced vision in one eye cause by lack of use during childhood)
        -Cataracts (cloudy areas in parts or all of the eye)
        -Diabetic retinopathy (tiny blood vessels in the retina damaged due to diabetes)
        -Glaucoma (increased pressure inside the eye)
        -Macular (the progressive loss of central vision)
        -Trachoma (microorganism causes inflammation in the eye)
        (Salvin)
        -Migraines (Migraines can create an aura in vision and temporarily disable a student)
  - - - Why?
        
        Visual impairment and blindness is considered low incidence since most students with this issue can still integrate well into a normal classroom
        
        It could be argued that even though most students can function normally in the classroom environment with the proper care and accommodation, this issue does effect a huge amount of people with minor visual impairments
  - - - Wear sunglasses in the classroom due to light sensitivity
      - Make up work or leave class if struck by a migraine during class, no questions asked
      - Have access to water in classrooms where water is otherwise not allowed
      - Test in specialized locations if necessary
  - - - Eyeglasses or contacts
      - Use of Braille
      - Voice recognition software
      - Guide dog
      - Have an understanding as a teacher for students who are visually impaired
      - Sit the student in an appropriate area of class that is best for them
      - Be wiling to excuse students from class or make up class work if their vision is impaired during the lesson
      - Use auditory lessons and communication when possible
      - A branch from my mindmap
        Students should be comfortable in class and have audio/listening options available for learning
    - - See an ophthalmologist, this is an eye doctor who diagnosis and treats the eye
        
        Treatment options
        
        Visual acuity test. A person reads an eye chart to measure how well he or she sees at various distances. (Salvin)
        
        Visual field test. Ophthalmologists use this test to measure side, or peripheral, vision. (Salvin)
        
        Tonometry test. This test determines the fluid pressure inside the eye to evaluate for glaucoma (Salvin)
        
        Eyeglasses or contacts
        
        Corrective surgery
- - - - Scheduling,
        Setting,
        Teaching Materials,
        and Student Response
        (ie. use of word processors and
        speech-to-text technologies)