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Tense review, Rodrigo Laj - Coggle Diagram
Tense review
Simple present
Formulas
Subject + Base Form(V1)+’s’ or ‘es’ + rest of the sentence
When do we use it
it is used to talk about things that happen regularly.
Interrogative
In interrogative sentence of Present Simple Tense, helping verb "Do" or "Does" is placed at the beginning of sentence. If the subject in a sentence is "he, she, it or singular proper noun" then "Does" is used. In case of "I, we, you, they or plural subjects" "Do" is used in place of "Does".
Examples
She reads the newspaper every day.
We come to school by bus.
You work very hard.
She likes to sit in the sun.
Negative
We use the present simple, in its negative form, to deny situations that regularly, repeatedly or always occur. When we use the present simple in its negative form, we start with the subject followed by do not and the verb in its base form. In the third person singular, we use does not.
Time markets
Every day, month, week, year; always; sometimes; never; frequently
Affirmative
When we use the present simple in its affirmative form, we start with the subject followed by the base form of the verb. In the third person singular, we add an –s. For example: ... — “She works on important projects.” = The subject is she, so we add -s to the base form of the verb to work (works).
Additional information
It is called "simple" because its basic form consists of a single word (like write or writes), in contrast with other present tense forms such as the present progressive (is writing) and present perfect (has written).
Present continues
Formulas
Sujeto + to be + raíz + ing
Affirmative
Sujeto + to be + not + raíz + ing
She is not (isn't) talking
When do we you use it?
Present progressive is used for events that are occurring at or around this particular moment in time.
Interrogative
Grammar Focus Atención a la gramática. Negative Present Continuous. Remember that the present continuous is 'be' + main verb-ing. 'Be' is a 'helping verb' here, because it does not have any meaning in the sentence, but it 'helps' us form a grammatical structure.
Examples
She is leaving tomorrow morning.
We are building a house.
I am writing a poem now.
Peter is leaving outside.
Negative
Negative forms are used to talk about things that are NOT happening at the time of speaking. To create a negative statement with the present continuous, add "not" after the auxiliary "to be". The form is: Subject + Be + Not + Verb Gerund. He is not working very hard.
Time markers
(right) now, currently, at the moment, momentarily, these days, nowadays, at present/ at the present time/ presently, today, this (week, month, year)
Affirmative
The present continuous (also called present progressive) is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing action is happening now, either at the moment of speech or now in a larger sense. The present continuous can also be used to show that an action is going to take place in the near future.
Additional information
The present continuous or present progressive is one of the present tenses used in English, the others are the present simple and present perfect. All of them can be used in both the indicative and the subjunctive mood.
Simple past
Formulas
Sujeto + verbo en pasado simple + complemento.
Sujeto + did not (didn't) + verbo principal en infinitivo + predicado.
Did + sujeto + verbo principal en infinitivo + complemento.
When do we use it
When i tell a accion
Interrogative
For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "to do" as an ordinary verb, use the auxiliary "did", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night. ... The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary "did".
Examples
She lived in Japan last year.
You worked very hard last week.
She liked to sit in the sun.
Negative
To form the negative of a sentence in the Simple Past you need to use the past form of the auxiliary verb 'do' – that is 'did' + 'not' + the infinitive of the verb you want to use. For example – I did not play. We often contract did and not into one word – didn't – for example: I didn't play.
Time markets
Yesterday; # years, weeks, months, days, hours ago; in (past year); last (month, week, year)
Affirmative
The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.
Additional information
Yesterday; # years, weeks, months, days, hours ago; in (past year); last (month, week, year)
Rodrigo Laj