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COPD, very productive cough - Coggle Diagram
COPD
asthma
form of COPD
reverse airway bronchoconstriction
most often due to allergic stimuli
type 1 HSR
presents in childhood
associated with
allergic rhinitis
eczema
family history of atopy
patho
allergen inducesTH2 phenotype in CD4+
TH2 cells secrete
IL-4
allows plasma cell to class switch to IgE
when allergen reintroduced
IgE activates mast cells
causes inflammation
1 more item...
IL-5
calls in Eosinophils
IL-10
inhibit production of TH1 helper t cells
induce production of TH2 helper T cells
genetically susceptible individuals
symptoms
dyspnea and wheezing
productive cough
Curschmann spirals
Charcot-laden spirals
from Eosinophils
severe attack
status asthmaticus
emergency situation
death
episodic
non allergic causes
excersice
viral infections
Aspirin intolerant asthma
10-15% of astmatics
nasal polyps
occupational exposures
emphysema
destruction of alveolar airsacs
loss of elastic recoil
collapse of small airways
air trapping
patho
imbalance between proteases and antiproteases
A1AT defiency
pan acinar emphasyma
antiprotease
rare cause
genetic
lower lobes
liver cirrhosis maybe present
misfolded A1AT protein
PiZZ allele
Or increased proteases
macrophages induced inflammation
usually due to smoking
causes
smoking
most common cause
centriacinar emphysema
most severe in upper lobes
symptoms
dysnpea
with cough
minimal sputum
prolonged expiration
pursed lips
'pink puffers'
helps open small airways due to back pressure
weight loss
increased AP diameter of chest
'barrel chest'
due to a loss in that elastic recoil that pulls the chest in
late symptoms
hypoxemia
blood vessels constrict
cor pulmonale
PaO2<60
Treatments
smoking cessations
most effective and important step
Medication
treat symptoms
treat infections
steriods
oxygen therapy
rehab
with respiratory therapist
exercise
Bronchiectasis
dilatation
bronchioles
bronchi
loss of airway tone
airtrapping
turbulent airflow
causes
necrotizing inflammation
cystic fibrosis
thick secretions
block tube
infection
bronchiectasis
Kartagnar syndrome
genetic disorder
loss of cilia movement
infertility
sinusitis
situs inversus
organs are flipped
necrotizing infection
tumor
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
signs/symptoms
cough
dyspnea
foul-smelling sputum
complications
hypoxia
cor pulmonale
secondary amyloidosis
acute phase reactant
SAA
chronic bronchitis
lasting at least 3 months over a minimum of 2 year
highly associated with smoking
knocks out the ciliated epithelium
increases pollutants
lungs response by releasing more mucus
causes more mucus glands to be made
some of the mucous isnt coughed up
causes air trapping
clinical features
productive cough
cyanosis
increased PaCO2
decreased PaO2
increased risk
infection
cor pulmonale
group of respiratory illness
difficulty exhaling
increased total lung capacity
air trapping
spirometry
forced vital capacity
decreased
the amount of air you can blow out maximally
FEV1
amount of air you can blow out in one second
decreased
very productive cough