Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Issues and debates - Coggle Diagram

- - - - e.g.Wilson:sexual selection (relationship)
  - - - e.g.Fight or flight response
- - - - E.g.the strange situation
  - - - E.g.Van Ljzendoorn, M. H., & Kroonenberg, P. M.Cross-cultural patterns of attachment: A meta-analysis of the strange situation may be a culture biased piece of research
- - - - Based on scientific principle of parsimony-all phenomena should be explaining using the most basic,lowest levels and simplest principles (e.g. behaviour of individual cells.)
        
        Environmental reductionism
        
        Also known as stimulus-response (s-r) reductionism.The belief that behaviour is reduced to S-R associations.Not concerned at all concerned with cognitive processes,regarded as 'black box'.
        
        Biological reductionism
        
        When behaviour is reduced to the neurons, neurotrsnsmitters, hormones,brain structure,etc.Successfully applied to the explantion and treatment of mental illness.
        
        --:can lead to errors of understanding because it ignores the complexity of human behaviour.
        
        Weaknesses
        
        Lacks validity
        
        Strengths
        
        Scientific
  - - - Gestalt claimed that 'whole is greater than the sum of its parts'. Breaking up behaviour and experience is inappropriate as these can only be understood by analysing the person or behaviour as a whole.Shared by humanistic approach.
        
        Strengths
        
        interactionism approach
        
        It can explain key aspects of social behaviour
        
        Weaknesses
        
        impractical
        
        Unscientific
  - - - From socio-cultural to neurochemical.
        
        Socio-cultural level-it involves behaviour most people would regard as odd. Psychological level-the individual's experience of having obsessive thoughts. Physical level-the sequence of movements involved in washing one's hands. Physiological level-hypersensitivity of the basal ganglia. Neurochemical level-underproduction of serotonin.
- - - - Strength
        
        We often make choices in everyday life.
      - Weakness
        
        Not supported by neurological evidence
  - - - Hard determinism
        
        Implies that free will is not possible as our behaviour is always caused by internal or external events beyond our control.
        
        Biological determinism
        
        The belief that behaviour is caused by biological (genetic,hormonal,evolutionary) influences that we cannot control.
        
        psychic determinism
        
        idea that behaviour is the result of childhood experience and innate drive form the unconscious.
        
        Environmental determinism
        
        The belief that behaviour is caused by features of the environment (such as systems of reward and punishment) that we cannot control.
      - Soft determinism
        
        Behaviour is constrained by the environment or biological make-up,but only to a certain extent.
        
        cognitive approach
      - evaluation
        
        Strength
        
        consistent with the aims of science
        
        Weakness
        
        Hard determinism is not consistent with the legal system
- - - - e.g attachment:1.The child's innate temperament influences how the parent behaves towards them.2.The parent's responses in turn affect the child's behaviour.
        
        Diathesis-stress model: Suggests mental disorder is caused by a biological vulnerability (diathesis) which is only expressed when coupled with an environmental trigger:e.g schizophrenia:Tinari et al. finnish adoptees
        
        Epigenetics:change in genetic activity without changing the genetic code.
        
        ++
        
        real world application
        
        Gene-environment interactions explained by constructivism
        
        Nature-nurture relates to the other debates
        
        Evidence for gene-environment interaction
        
        --
        
        Confounding factors of unshared environments
- - - - Associated with qualitative research methods.
        
        Humanistic
        
        ++
        
        provides rich data
        
        --
        
        lack of scientific rigour
  - - - Associated with questionnaires and psychology tests defined as reliable and scientific.Study of large group of people to analyse for statistical significance.
        
        Biological,cognitive and behavioural
        
        ++
        
        Scientific value
        
        --
        
        Loss of whole person
  - - - Freud's use of case study but establishes general laws of behaviour and personality development.
        
        ++
        
        May be complementary not contradictory