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How is Ethiopia changing? - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A range of TNCs have begun operating in Ethiopia, in primary, secondary and some tertiary industries
      - TNCs can bring both advantages and disadvantages. Investment in hotel infrastructure can increase tourism. Workers in hotels are often paid a fair wage and may have access to the facilities out of hours. However, this is not always the case. Although TNCs bring employment and therefore income, workers in LIDCs are often paid a low salary and working conditions can be difficult. The companies wish to make a profit and the reason they locate to LIDCs like Ethiopia is because regulations on wages and working conditions are less strict than in more developed locations. For example, workers in factories in Ethiopia may get US$50 a month while workers in an EDC might receive US$175 for the same job.
  - - - A National Development Plan for Education has ensured that 96% of children are enrolled in primary school, this has risen from 50% in 1990.
      - The education gap is now closing with 93% of girls in primary schools this is compared in 2000 with 43% of girls in primary schools.
      - The standard of the provision of education varies, however the rate of adult literacy is still 36%.
      - In primary schools, there are more males than females and very few females in secondary schools.
    - - Thanks to improved before and after care, maternal mortality has fallen 23%.
      - 55% of women have access to contraception.
      - Following investment in maternal health and infant health, child mortality his been successfully from 97/1000 to 45/1000 since 1990, while rural arears are lagging behind and there is a rural-urban divide.
      - 65% of children have now receive vaccinations for preventable illnesses.
      - Diarrhoea and malaria are still the year's greatest killers of infants, with diarrhoea responsible for 20% of all child deaths and malaria responsible for another 20%
      - Since the establishments of new treatments centers and education, the HIV / AIDS pandemic has stabilised and new cases have declined. There are currently 1.1 million adults living with HIV.
      - Malaria was the leading cause of death among adults in Ethiopia but now 100% of the population in Ethiopia how have a malaria net.
      - 89% of the population now live within a doctor at a range of 10km.
  - - - Pre – 1935: Ethiopia was called Abyssinia and it was one of only two African countries the other one was Libera, that directly avoided the European control in the colonial era.
      - 1935 – 41: During the post war years before World War 2, Italy colonised Ethiopia and had control from 1935 up until 1941, this was when the rebels and the British troops reclaimed back independence.
      - 1941 – 74: Even though the Italians had invested in highways, rail and power, the nation, however was set back after the Second World War as there was many deaths, conflict and instability that followed the war. The years that followed with unrest, this coupled with famine and drought plus the increasing growth of communism, this led to a successful military coup in 1974. Russia and Cuba financed this rebellion, and the military evicted the government this leading to many arrests, deaths and banishments.
      - 1974 – 87: At least 1.4 million people had died in the civil war and so the Derg government remained in power up until 1987. The monarchy was destroyed, and the land declared a new republic state. The years between 1977-78 had become known as the Ethiopian ‘Red Terror’. During this time, the government had grabbed tracts of land and evicted the owners. This lead to migration, refugees and economic decline. During the Derg era, there were as many as 50,000 people killed and a further 1.5 million people were forced to relocate.
      - 1984 – 85: Then the Derg government declared a strict policy on agriculture, but the productivity declined. From mid-1980s onwards Ethiopia suffered severe drought and eventual famine. During the 1984-85 famine (which killed a million people in one year due to drought and high food prices) international agencies became involved and over 2000 million dollars in food aid was delivered from NGOs. From this famine Ethiopia has remained food deficient this is not helped by the population increasing rapidly.
      - 1991 – 2001: With the Soveit Union collapsed and the spotlight on famine, help and support from AC countries helped to stabilise the nation and remove Derg control, and so from 1991 it became the Federal Democratic Republic. This new government allowed lifted price controls, free trade and provided farmers with cheaper access to imported fertilisers and machinery without paying tax.
      - 2001 – Now: After the events of 11 September 2001 and the Middle East conflicts, the USA gave more support to Ethiopia and agricultural production and the economy have been slowly rising since then. The Growth and Transformation Plan is the government’s ambitious plan to completely end poverty, this following on from the Millennium Development Goals. Since 2012, new training programmes and investment have enabled farmers to learn new skills this includes; mixing crop types with beans to help soils stay fertile and increase yields. The government is currently stable, although there are some claims that free speech is limited, but now more trust is being shared with local authorities and the people themselves.
- - - - Landlocked countries find harder to trade the worldwide than countries near to the sea.
  - - - Ethiopia has thin soil and active volcanoes which means that they agriculture very hard to do.
    - - Highland have clay soils which becomes stick and boggy in the wet season and during the dry seasons it becomes hard as concrete.
    - - In the lowlands of Ethiopia the people have suffered by mosquitoes and by malaria.
- - - - 1 Traditional society
        
        Ethiopia is in this stage because they have got farming, forestry, some natural resources, communications and money from farming. Ethiopia import more than exports keeping firmly in stage one. It can go into stage two but it needs to improve the infrastructure.
      - 2 Per-conditions for take off
      - 3 Take off
      - 4 Drive to maturity
      - 5 High mass consumption