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Common Ocular Diseases in Livestock - Coggle Diagram
Common Ocular Diseases in Livestock
Corneal Ulcers
Etiology
Mechanical injury/trauma
Herpes virus infection
Infectious agents aggravate
Clinical Signs
Pain
Corneal irregularity
Edema
Vascularization
Diagnosis Method
Fluorescein stain
Every eye exhibiting pain should be stained
Detects corneal epithelial defect or ulcer
Treatment
Immediate surgical support
Conjunctival graft
Topical and systemic antibiotics
NSAIDS
Removal of cause
Corneal Ulcers - Staging
0
Superficial and healing
1
1/3 or less of corneal thickness
2
Deep, more than 1/3; inflammatory infiltrates
3
Corneal perforation
Color indications
White cornea
Abscess or necrosis
Blue cornea
Edema
Red cornea
Vessels
Tree like: superficial
Deep: brush
Chlamydial Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Chlamydia psittaci one organism
Clinical signs
Most common eye disease in LA medicine
Unilateral, reddened, slightly swollen conjunctivae
Eye lesions serious to mucopurulent conjunctivitis and rhinitis
Can open the door to pneumonia
Infectious Bovine Karatoconjunctivitis (Pinkeye)
Etiology
Moraxella bovis
Clinical signs
Tearing
Squinting
Sclera of eye red and puffy
Cloudy or white cornea
Prevention
Controlling dust, pollen, wind
Caring for tall/rank grasses
Use bacterins containing isolates of M. bovis
UV light control (reduce excessive)
Face fly control
OTC in feed
Economical impact
Costs the US cattle industry $150 million dollars annually due to decreased growth rates and milk production (up to 25%)
Equine Recurrent Uveitis (Moon blindness/Periodic opthalmia)
Etiology
Any injury to the eye may result in the development of uveitis and subsequent ERU
Clinical signs
Inflammation of the uveal tract
Cloudy, red, painful eye
Sensitivity to light
Ocular discharge
Miotic, blepharospasms
Treatement
Remove cause
Therapy to allay symptoms
Subpalpebral lavage catheter for topical medications
Resulting issues
Detached retina
Lens Luxation
Glaucoma
Glaucoma
Etiology
Congenital iridocorneal anomalies
Anterior uveitis
Older animals
Clinical signs
Sluggish to slightly dilated pupils
Enlargement of the eye
Lens displacement
Pain
Treatment
Miotics
Osmotics
Surgery
Anterior chamber shunts
Laser transcleral cyclophotocoagulation
Entropion
Etiology
Inherited or acquired
Inversion of eyelid and associated lashes
Clinical signs
Inversion of cilia (lashes)
Conjunctival and corneal irritation
Scarring
Pigmentation
Ulcerations
Blepharospasms
Treatment
Mattress sutures
Surgery
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Cancer Eye)
Most common neoplasm in livestock
More common in light pigmented bovines
Etiology
Environment:Increased UV rays
Genetic predisposition
lack of pigment and solar radiation (hereford)
Not known for sure
Symptoms
Early
Wet, erosive area of lid or conjunctiva
Wart type growths
Late
Locally invasive
Metastatic to lymph nodes
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
Biopsy
Impression smears
Treatment
Cryotherapy
Hyperthermia
Surgical excision
Salvage
Equine Sarcoids
A virus caused, locally aggressive, non malignant tumor
High recurrence
Common to eyelids and the ears
Causes warty, cauliflower appearance
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Basic
Herpes virus
Called "winter pinkeye" in cattle
Has two forms
Respiratory
Major player in BRDC
Reproductive
Abortions
Clinical signs
Red nose
Red eyes
Ocular discharge
Consequences (respiratory)
Many times the initial cause of BRDC - opens the door for bacterial infections
Many times the initial cause of IBK (pinkeye)
Note: it does not have the ability to create ulcers in the eye
Diagnosis
Schirmer Tear Test
14-34 mm wetting/minute
Terminology
Cycloplegia
paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye.
Blepharospasm
involuntary tight closure of the eyelids.
Distichiasis
Partial or complete second row of lashes emerging at or slightly behind the Meibomian gland orifices.
The aberrant lashes tend to be thinner and shorter than normal cilia, and are often directed posteriorly towards the globe.
Ectropion
a condition in which your eyelid turns outward
Usually the lower eyelid
Entropion
a medical condition in which the eyelid (usually the lower lid) folds inward.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve
Hyphema
Blood in the eye
Mydriasis
dilation of the pupil of the eye
Uvea
the pigmented layer of the eye, lying beneath the sclera and cornea
Uveitis
Inflammation within the eye
Brief Eye Overview
Keratitis
inflammation of the cornea of the eye
Conjunctivitis
Etiology
Very from infectious to environmental irritants
Foreign body
Keratoconjunctivitis
Allergens
Clinical signs
Hyperemia
Hyphema
Chemosis
Ocular discharge
Follicular hyperplasia
Mild ocular discomfort
Treatment
Topical antibiotic therapy
Removal of cause
