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Biomolecules - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Function: selective acceleration of chemical reactions
      - Example: digestive enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules
    - - Function: protection against disease
      - Example: antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria
    - - Function: storage of amino acids
      - Example: casein is a major source of amino acids for baby mammals, storage via proteins in milk
    - - Function: transport substances
      - Example: Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs across the body
    - - Function: coordination of an organisms activity
      - Examples: Insulin causes other tissues to take up glucose, thus regulating blood sugar concentration
    - - Function: response of cell to chemical stimuli
      - Example: receptors built into the membrane of a nerve e cell detect signaling molecules released by other nerve cells
    - - Function: movement
      - Example:motor proteins are responsible for the undulations of cilia and flagella
    - - Function: support
      - Example: Keratin is a protein which supports/strengthens the hair
  - - - If this is wrong disease may be the result, for example, Sickle Cell disease occurs when there is a slight change in the primary structure if the protein
    - - alterations in pH, temp and other factor may cause protein to unravel, this is refer to a denaturation
- - - - Provides directions for its own replication, directs synthesis of messenger RNA and through mRNA controls protein synthesis
      - Structure: double helix of two polynucleotides, backbones run carbon 5 prime and carbon prime 3 are opposite each other, referred to as antiparallel
    - - aids DNA in protein synthesis
      - Structure: exist as a single polypeptide chain (typically)
  - - - Pyrimidines: cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)
      - Purines: adenine (A), Guanine (G)
- - - - Two important types of fats
        
        Saturated: max number of hydrogen, no double bonds, create saturated fats which are solid at room temperature and are mostly found in animals
        
        Unsaturated: one or more double bonds create unsaturated fats which are liquid. at room temperature and are mostly found in plants and in fish
      - Major Function: ENERGY STORAGE
    - - One end is hydrophobic and one end is hydrophilic giving it the properties to create the phosolipid bilayer surrounding the cell membrane (inside and outside environment)
      - When phospholipids are added to water, they self assemble into a bilayer with hydrophobic tails fading inward away from the polar water