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Water - Coggle Diagram
Water
The UK
water defecit
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Normally water defect and droughts can be prevented by the construction of heavy engineering such as reservoirs for example around London
rainfall
In the UK rainfall is not evenly spread and there is a large imbalance in water availability because of this
The south east of the UK has a water deficit and many areas such as London with a rising population are likely to encounter this issue more as the population increases. annually the south east receives around 600mm of rainfall every year
most of the north and west of the UK have a water deficit most of the time and they have high levels of rain (2000 mm annually)
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challenges
Many challenges occur when solving water problems. this is because often the private companies that own the water systems in place often are not willing to make large investments in water engineering because they cannot persuade the shareholders in the company to invest in the idea. This has occurred since the 1980 when the government sold the water infrastructure to private companies such as Thames water
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The rest of the world
Water deficit
Economic
Economic water deficit is when a country has water however they are not able to access it due to high cost of infrastructure needed to access this water.
This affects many African countries and Australia. Many of these countries have large amounts of groundwater stored underground however they are not able to access this water.
Physical
Physical water deficit is when a country physically does not have enough water to meet the needs of the population.
This problem affects countries such as Libya and Egypt which due to a desert climate cannot supply enough water for the country
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challenges
Developing countries
In many developing countries water supplies are hard to maintain and regulate due to a lack of economic funding. This can lead to problems such as rivers becoming polluted as toxic chemicals are dumped into them at night as well as rubbish being discarded in the river. For example the river Citarum in Indonesia is said to often turn red or blue after chemicals are dumped from textile factories. Often these countries have rules however they are not able to police the factories.
Many people in developing countries rely on water sources that are often stagnant or polluted. This can cause many health problems such as an increased risk of cancer and skin diseases
Many people living in developing countries especially in Africa need to travel on long walks every day to get water. This means that they often do not have time for other important activities such as education and jobs.
Developed countries
many developed countries build large infrastructure to compensate for water deficit this can have a negative affect on the environment and also means that they can often cause more areas to have a water deficit.
climate change
climate change can also cause water issues as the world heats up. this could mean that certain areas of land start to recieve less rainfall which can lead to an increase in water insecurity,
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Case studies
China SNWTP
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the project will supply water from the south to the north of the country where there is a water deficit.
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Many communities have be displaced and lots of farmland has been destroyed to make space for the canals and tunnels
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large amounts of water transfer from the south could lead to a water shortage there. many lakes along the Yangtze river have already started to dry up.
The project will allow more industry to take place in the north of the country including more water intensive tasks
Hitosa, Ethiopia
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The project transfers water from mount Baba down through 140km of pipeline to the surrounding villages and towns and to 150 private connections
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After its 30 year lifespan the pipe will have to be replaced which will be very expensive and require external funding from charities or governments