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Population Ecology, Density-Independent Factors: Factors that limit…
Population Ecology
Population Size
: The total number of people in a population
Demographics
: Statistical characteristics used to describe a population
Plot sampling
: Method to estimate the total number of individuals living in a population based on
demographics
Mark-Recapture Sampling:
: Method to estimate the
population size
of mobile animals by marking and capturing individuals.
Immigration:
Movement of new individuals into a population that previously belonged somewhere else
Zero Population Growth:
When the number of births and deaths within a population is balanced/equal.
Population size
remains unchanged.
Per capita Growth Rate:
b (per capita birth rate) - d (per capita death rate) = r (per capita growth rate)
Biotic Potential:
Theoretical rate at which a population would grow if conditions were ideal (no predators or pathogens and all essential resources were unlimited).
Exponential Growth:
The population's size increases by a fixed percentage in every successive time interval. The size of each increase depends on the current
population size.
The number of new individuals increases, even though the per capita growth rate stays the same
Density-Dependent Factors
: Factors that limit population growth and has a greater effect in denser populations (birth rates are slow and death rates rise)
Density-dependent factors
include: predation, paratisim and disease, and
competition
for limited resources
Logistic Growth:
When a population first grows
exponentially
and then growth slows as
population size
approaches the environment's carrying capacity
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Intra-specific Competition:
Competition for limited resources between species.
Growth rate
is affected by population member's
life history
which is a schedule of how resources are allocated for growth, survival and reproduction over a life time.
Emigration:
Movement of permanent individuals out of a population.
Density-Independent Factors
: Factors that limit population growth regardless of population size.
Density-independent
factors include natural events such as: volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods or human events such as oil spills.