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Chapter 8 Structure of Woody Plants - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8 Structure of Woody Plants
Concepts
Primary Tissue
Epidermis
Cortex
Vascular bundles
Pith
Leaves
Secondary Tissue
Secondary xylem
Secondary phloem & cork
Bark
Vascular Cambium
Initiation of the Vascular Cambium
Fascicular Cambium
Bundle
Interfascicular cambium
Develops from parenchyma cells
Between vascular bundles
Fusiform initials
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Give rise to axial cells
secondary xylem & phloem
long cells
Ray initials
Short cells
Give rise to rays
secondary xylem & phloem
Fusiform Initials
Periclinal wall
Anticlinal walls
Perpendicular to cambiums surface
Divide longitudinally
Arrangement of Cambial Cells
Storied cambium
Fusiform initials
Regular horizontal rows
Nonstoried cambium
form irregularly
Secondary Xylem
Types of Wood Cells
Wood
Cells formed in interior vascular cambium
secondary xylem
Axial System
Derived from fusiform initials
Radial System
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Develops from ray initials
Hardwoods
All basal angiosperms
Eudicots
Large amounts of fibers
Softwoods
Conifers
Pines
Redwoods
Few or no fibers
Softer consistency
Ray parenchyma cells
Two basic types
Procumbent cells
Longer radially than tall
little/no cross-field pitting
Upright cells
Taller than long
extensive cross-field pitting
Store carbohydrates
Conduct material over short distances
Growth rings
Early wood
First wood formed
Spring wood
High proportion of wide vessels
In conifers
Wide tracheids
Late wood
Summer wood
Transpiration is less
Lower proportion of vessels
Annual ring
Early and late wood
1 years growth
growth ring
Diffuse porous
Vessels located throughout growth ring
Ring porous
Vessels restricted to early wood
Heartwood & Sapwood
Heartwood
Dark
Sapwood
Light
Tylosis
A plug
Reaction Wood
Reaction wood
Formed in response to stress
Tension wood
Reaction wood of dicots
formed on upper side of branch
Compression wood
Gymnosperms
Lower side of branch
Outer Bark
Cork & Cork Cambium
Cork cambium
secondary phloem
Phellogen
Inner cell
Cork Cell
Phellem cell
Outer cell
Phelloderm
Only a layer or two formed
Not present in all species
Parenchyma cells produces to the inside
by cork cambium
Periderm
Technical term for bark
Cork
Cork cambium
Any enclosed tissue
Such as secondary phloem
Outer bark
Outside the innermost cork cambium
Inner bark
Secondary phloem between vascular cambium
innermost cork cambium
Lenticels & oxygen diffusion
Lenticels
Region of aerenchymatous cork
Secondary Growth in Roots
Roots
Conifers & angiosperms
Undergo secondary growth
Stems
Conifers & woody angiosperms
Undergo secondary growth
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous secondary growth
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Alternative cambia
Produce secondary bodies
Bodies differe from common type
called anomalous secondary growth
Included phloem
Type of secondary phloem
Located between two bands of xylem
Secondary growth in Monocots
Secondary vascular bundles
Contain xylem & ploem
narrow cells
Differentiate
Unusual primary growth
Establishment growth
Increase in width
addition of adventitious roots
In palms