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Preprocessing prior to crude oil distillation - Coggle Diagram
Preprocessing prior to crude oil distillation
Pre-preprocesses
1. Deasphalting
Remove asphaltenes which will decrease the efficiency of refining process and reduce product quality
2. Demetallization
Crude oil can contain various metals such as Na, K, Ca, Cu, etc.
which is needed to removed
4. Deoxygenation
Oxygen content can be from 0.05 to 1.5 wt%
5. Desulfurization
Remove sulfur which is a major drawback in the pricing of oil product
6. Desalting
6.3 High-speed centrifuge
6.2 Multi-stage desalter
6.1 Special treatment unit
7. Hydrotreating
7.1 Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
the removal of sulfur in the form of hydrogen sulfide
7.2 Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN)
Nitrogen is removed mainly as ammonia
7.3 Hydrodementallization (HDM)
metals are removed by being deposited on the catalysts
7.4 Hydrodearomatization (HDA)
by which olefins, naphthenes, and aromatics get saturated with hydrogen and become paraffins
7.5 Hydroxygenation
Oxygen is removed as water
3. Denitrogenation
Nitrogen-containing compounds such as C5H5N (pyridine) or C4H5N (pyrrole) are needed to be remove
Pre-treaments purposes
Ensure significant reduction
Complete removal of impurities