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Bone and Joint pathology - Coggle Diagram
Bone and Joint pathology
Response to injury (limited)
Extent
Subchondral bone involvement
Vascular fibrous tissue infiltration
Metaplasia --> fibrocartilage
Superficial cartilage involvement
Persistent defects
Inflammatory
Synovitis
Hyperaemia; inflammatory oedema
Degrade collagen/proteoglycan
Fibrillation (clefts)
:arrow_right_hook: further cartilage loss
:arrow_right: eburnation
Pannus formation
Fibrovascular histiocytic tissue
Promote destruction of underlying cartilage
Degenerative
Villous hypertrophy + hyperplasia
Hyaluronic acid degradation
Loss of lubricating properties
Glucocorticoids :forbidden:
:arrow_down: Synthesis of cartilaginous matrix
:arrow_down: Mechanical strength
:arrow_up: Proteoglycans depletion
Inflammation
Infectious arthritis
Bacterial
Haematogenous; direct extension
Eg.
Actinobacillus; erysipelothrix; e.coli
Immune-mediated
Types
Serous; fibrinous; purulent; chronic (lymphoplasmacytic)
Viral
Encephalitis virus
Synovitis
Erysipelas (superficial cellulitis)
Degeneration
Degenerative Joint Disease
Causes
Trauma
Chronic, low grade
Unstable joints
Eg. Hip dysplasia; ruptured cruciate ligament (stifle)
Pathogenesis
:arrow_up: periosteum bone formation around joints
Altered socket conformation
Mismatched coverage of bone head
IV disk degeneration
Osteochondrosis drecans
Pathogenesis
"Wobble syndrome"
Ataxia due to vertebral column malformation
Subchondral bone cysts
Focal failure of endochondral ossification
Degeneration of overlying articular cartilage
Articular-epiphyseal cartilage complex separation from epiphyseal bone
Humeral head :dog2:
Slow healing
:arrow_right: DJD
Predispostition
Young, fast growing males
:pig2: :racehorse: :dog2: