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History - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Economic Reasons
        
        Economic growth (common market + declining entrepot tade)
        
        helps create more job opportunities
        
        Limited trade between the 2 --> due to taxes Malaya imposed on SG after its independence
        
        Open up more opportunities for trade and business --> provide a wider market for people of SG
        
        Raw materials --> SG had none, how to survive? on the other hand Malaya had plenty of oil, rubber, tin etc
      - Political Reasons
        
        Gain independence from the British (who supported the merger as they felt SG unable to survive by itself)
      - PAP
        
        ensure its political survival after 1959 --> follow through with its promises to ensure it was a credible and honest govt
        
        Could help to weaken the leftists members that it had in its group --> would weaken the communist sphere of power and influence in SG
      - Social Reasons
        
        Many families had close links/ties with Malaya & many PAP leaders were born from Malaya too (more OPEN to the idea as they were familiar and felt close to this place
    - - Security reasons
        
        help solve the communist threat in Singapore (Malaya help to effectively deal w it) — very worried would fall into the communist's hands
        
        Malaya had more manpower, resources and had the experience (Recently concluded the Emergency)
      - Economic Reasons
        
        Help to preserve British interests in Singapore --> could continue to access their investments and earn money/gain profit, without having to look after SG
        
        Malaya was British friendly govt --> SG merge with Malaya --> menat that Malaysia would most likely be a British friendly govt, including SG
    - - Economic reasons
        
        Singapore could provide them with more money and wealth
        
        Envisioned SG as the "new york" or wealthy capital of Malaysia
        
        Could also gain access to Sabah & Sarawak --> had lots of natural resources to provide them with more wealth and money!
      - Political Reasons
        
        Threat of Communism
        
        PAP was going through a political fall out --> weak and unstable; could be overthrown by a communist party (eg Barisan Socialis) and these parties were already gaining a lot of support
        
        Should SG become a communist country --> would affect relationships with Malaysia + threaten to spill over into Malaya when they had already recently eradicated this threat (undo all the neutralising they had done)
      - Social reasons
        
        Many SG people had close links/ties w Malaya
        
        Many people of Malaya went to SG --> urban hub
      - Others
        
        TAR wanted to head a larger Malaya and expand his territory
  - - - Indonesia --> Konfrantasi
      - Philippines --> diplomatically boycotted + support Indonesia --> caused a trade embargo (affected trade between the 2)
    - - Barisan Socialis
        
        SG would be at a disadvantage in the federation
        
        only 15 seats (not proportional)
        
        sg would not enjoy same rights as the people in Malaya
        
        did not get automatic Malaysian citizenship; "second class citizens"
  - - - Communist Threat in SG high
        
        Especially Chinese (majority) were ekther pro-communists or communist sympathisers
        
        Had recently concluded the Emergency and eradicated communist threat
      - Racial Imbalance
        
        Threatened TAR's political party & career (lose support)
      - SG lots of problems — riots, strikes
  - - - Brunei rejected --> found oil
    - - Favoured the Malays & wanted their support
- - - - citizenship ordinance in 1957 and voting made compulsory
- - - - Tried to help form an agreement between the 2 sides
        
        leaders backed out --> did not get agreement from all the workers
      - Closed down 3 chinese middle school
        
        Chinese students: young, had the strength, spirit and experience in the riots
      - Formed an all party education committee to look into the problem of Chinese education
      - Refused to take strict action (use violence) against the workers, rioters and people
        
        Why?
        
        The workers were his people too
        
        as the leader of the LF party, had promised to protect and prioritise their rights
        
        Not in his personality to attack then; knew that they had been treated unfairly and that their work and sweat had been exploited by the british govt (understood their frustration & anger)
        
        had no control over internal security --> had no choice if British govt decided to use force
    - - British
        
        Felt he was an incapable and weak leader of SG --> unwilling to give self-governance
        
        Had failed to deal with the communist threat seriously (very big deal for them, didnt want SG to fall into communist hands)
      - Communist
        
        If Dm had taken strict action --> caused more outrage and sympathy for them + they would gain more support
      - People
    - - 4 deaths, 31 injured
      - Dispute between the workers and the employers
      - if he had used strict force: People of SG would view him as Pro-British and under the control of them --> not trust them to achieve merger
  - - - Failed to secure self-governance from the British govt
        
        Reasons above (weak, incompetent)
        
        Could not agree over issue of internal security
        
        Br govt --> proposed for a defence council --> DM rejected idea, wanted full control
    - - Successful in negotiating for SG's self-governance
        
        Why?
        
        He came down very hard on the communist
        
        Closed down many schools, arrested teachers & students, shut down trade unions
        
        He jailed our beloved LCS and FSS (Communist)
        
        Caused outrage amongst the people & popularity declined--> were well liked and admired by the people (very charismatic)
        
        Impacts of his actions
        
        british impressed with how he had effectively dealth with the communist threat --> more willing to agree with his demands; also found him easier to deal with than DM
        
        Not trusted to help SG achieve independence in the future
        
        People
        
        Chinese
        
        Though him as anti-chinese and anti-chinese educated --> closed down schools, arrested students & teachers, harsh actions taken against favoured leftists members
        
        Lost support of majority of voters (Alienated them) --> Chinese electorate no. considered the majority and led to his eventual loss
      - New changes
        
        Cabinet of local ministers
        
        51 elected members of parliament' no British officials
        
        Prime minister
        
        Control over trade and industry, education, housing, law and labour
        
        Internal security shared between Malaya (1), British (3), Singapore (3)