Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Ethics The science of morals or rules of behaviour - Coggle Diagram
Ethics
The science of morals or rules of behaviour
Deontological - the correctness of an action is based on whether it violates absolute rules
Teleological - the correctness of an action depends on its consequences
Ethical issues
Informed consent - did the
participants agree to take part?
Presumed consent?
Deception - where participants
at any point misled?
Debrief?
Psychological harm - where
participants put at risk of harm e.g
damage to self image, stress?
Could another method had been used?
Ethical guidelines
Guidelines remove ambiguity and make responsibilities clear, however they are still open to interpretation and are only effective if followed up with action
BPS (British Psychological Society)
Code of ethics and conduct
4 ethical principles
Respect - general respect, privacy/confidentiality, informed consent and self determination
Competence (the ability to do something successfully or efficiently) - awareness of professional ethics, ethical decision making, recognising limits of competence/impairment
Responsibility - general responsibility, termination and continuity of care, protection of participants and debriefing of participants
Integrity (being honest and having strong moral principles) - honesty/accuracy, avoiding exploitation and conflicts of interest, maintaining personal boundaries and addressing ethical misconduct
HCPC (Health and Care Professional Standards)
Every psychologist must be registered and must re-register ever 2 years
Standards are SMART - specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time-bound
Definitions
Protection of participants - psychologists have a duty to protect participants from mental/physical harm, and should show sensitivity in discussion of results with participants
Right to withdraw - participants should be informed before they begin that they can leave at any stage and withdraw their data (those who have been paid can keep the money)
Informed consent - participants should be told enough to decide if they want to take part (where this is not possible, there should be a full debrief at the end)
Deception - must be avoided, unless to preserve experimental validity
Debriefing - participants should enter and leave the research situation in the same way
Observation - participant's privacy must be respected, and observation must be consented to (where this is not possible, observation should be made where people would usually expect to be in public view)
Confidentiality - participants must remain anonymous in the research report unless consent is given
Competence - psychological advice must only be given if the psychologist is qualified in the area the advice is requested in
Risk
The code of ethics
considers the following high-risk:
Decpetion
Vulnerable groups (under 16s, disabled)
Distress (anxiety, humiliation, repeated testing)
Labelling (leading to ideas such
as 'I am stupid' or 'I am not normal')
Sensitive topics (crime, sexuality, ethnicity, gender)
Invasive interventions (drugs, medical procedures)
There are 4 types of risk participants could face
Procedural risk, from what ppts are asked to do
Environmental risk, from where the research will take place
Safeguarding risk, for vulnerable persons
Social risks, from what will be done with the data