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Structure of woody plant, young cambium, same type of primary growth -…
Structure of woody plant
Secondary Phloem
axial system
radial system
conducts water
up and down
formed from
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vascular cambium
Outer Bark
Lenticels and Oxygen Diffusion
lenticels
aerenchymous cork
more active
Initiation of Cork Cambia
timing more variable
detectable on stem
first cork cambium
arise in number of tissue
cortex
primary phloem
epidermis
secondary phloem
later cork
forms deep in secondary phloem
Cork and the Cork Cambium
phellogen
cork cambium
cork cell
secondary phloem
phelloderm
periderm
inner bark
innermost cork
outer bark
outside tissue
origin
layer of cambium
cells are cuboidal
produce
cork
secondary cortex
Secondary Xylem
Growth ring
early wood
first wood
springwood
wide vessels
high proportion
wide tracheids
ring porous
late wood
summerwood
vessels
low proportion
numerous fiber
thick secondary wall
annual ring
growth ring
diffuse porous
Heartwood and sapwood
Heartwood
center
darker in color
drier and more fragrant
support the tree
sapwood
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lighter color
moister
outermost portion
brings water and nutrients
Types of Wood cell
radial system
rays
ray parenchyma
upright cells
procumbent cells
exclusively uniseriate
ray tracheids
horizontal
secondary wall
circular bordered pits
protoplast
degenerates quickly
axial system
tracheary element
longitudinal conduction of water
fibers
strength
flexibility
softwood
less fiber
hardwood
more fiber
elongate
axial xylem
temporary reservoir of water
Reaction wood
In angiosperm
tension wood
special gelatinous fibers
no lignin
upper-side of the branch
conifers
underside of the branch
compression wood
Vascular Cambium
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Fusiform Initials
long, tapered cell
periclinal wall
anticlinal walls
narrow daughter cell
cylindrical
Initiation of Vascular Cambium
produce
secondary plant body
herbaceous species
fascicular cambium
woody species
interfascicular cambium
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extend each year
secondary phloem
simple meristem
fusiform initials
ray initials
Arrangement of CambialCells
specific pattern
short vertical rows
horizontal rows
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storied cambium
more evolved
short
horizontal pattern
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non-storied cambium
less evolved
no large region
Ray Initials
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short cell
cuboidal cell
storage parenchyma
Scondary Growth in Roots
undergo secondary growth
vascular cambium arises
wood similar to stem
root vascular cambium
ray initials
fusiform initial
Anomalous Forms of Growth
Anomalous Secondary Growth
alternate cambia produce secondary bodies
Roots of sweet potatoes
storage parenchyma increase dramatically
secondary tissue
irregular matrix of parenchyma
numerous cambia arises
included phloem
unequal activity of the vascular cambium
Secondary growth in Monocots
Unusual Primary growth
palm tree
trunk
all primary tissue
hard and woody
heavy fibers
do not taper at the tip
root
numerous adventitious root
add extrra vascular bundle
establishment growth
other monocot with extremely broad stem
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Concept
growth by apical meristem
primary tissues
secondary tissues
young cambium
same type of primary growth