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Hypertension - Coggle Diagram
Hypertension
Risk factor
Unhealthy diet; increasing sodium intake and processed foods increases the risk of one having hypertension
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Older age; once someone is 65 years old or older, their chances of developing hypertension increases by 90%
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Pathogenesis
Excessive salt intake
Elevated salt levels cause kidneys to retain more salt, increasing the blood volume (because water follows sodium), which increases blood pressure
Genetic factors
Mutations in particular genes- genes that control fluid/salt levels- cause altered fluid levels in kidneys, raising blood pressure
Blood viscosity
Higher blood thickness makes the heart pump harder and overwork, which increases blood pressure
Incident/prevalence
1 in 4 adults with hypertension control their blood pressures by excersing, reducing sodium intake, blood pressure medication, reduce stress, and eating healthy
Adults with hypertension typically have higher blood pressures. There are 5 stages of hypertension; normal (less than 120), elevated (120-129), hypertension stage 1 (130-139), hypertension stage 2 (140 or higher), and hypertensive crisis (higher than 180)
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treatments
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Calcium channel blockers
This prevents muscle contractions in the heart by blocking calcium binding sites. If the calcium can't bind to the troponin, the the heart muscles can't contract. This, in turn, slows the rate of the heart and reduces the workload, which decreases the BP
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References
Huether, Sue E., et al. Understanding Pathophysiology / Sue E. Huether, Kathryn L. McCance ; Section Editor, Valentina L. Brashers. Elsevier, 2020.
“Facts About Hypertension.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Sept. 2020, www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm.
“High Blood Pressure (Hypertension).” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 12 May 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373410.
Diagnostics
Measure blood pressure with sphygmomanometer; there will be a systolic (top) number and a diastolic (bottom) number. The number should be around below 120/80.