Implementation is the system wide action taken by the firm members aimed at accomplishing formulated strategies

• Physical resources - land, buildings, plant, equipment,..
• Financial resources - share and loan capital required for development and expansion
• Human resources - obtaining the requisite number of appropriately skilled employees
• Intellectual or intangible resources - non physical inputs that may be necessary in some industries such as databases. legal permissions, brand or design registration, contract,...

Resources are purposely checked for:

• sufficiency
• adequacy
• availability

Miles and Snow's typology:

• Defender
• Prospector
• Analyser
• Reactor

Lewin's model of change:

• Unfreezing (mobilization for change): introducing measures that will enable employees to abandon their current practices or cultural norms in preparation for the change.
• Moving (movement to a new level): bringing about the requisite change itself
• Refreezing (sustaining change): lock in the changes and to prevent the organization from going back to its old ways.

Contextual factor:

• Time/Scope/Preservation/ Diversity/ Experience and capability/Capacity/Readiness/Power

The urgency for change:

• Step change: occurs rapidly as organization moves from current level to a new level
• Incremental change: occurs over a period of time in incremental stages

The height of organizations:

• Tall structure: more layers of management suitable for larger organizations in complex environments
• Short structure: fewer layers of management suitable for smaller organizations in simpler environment
  The width of structures: refers to the extent the organization is centralized or decentralized.
  Complexity of structures: the extent to which the organization observes a formal hierarchy in its reporting relationships.

Methods of divisionalization:

• Functional specialism
• Geographic concentration
• Product specialism
• Customer focus
• Holding company