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Origins of Crime & Violence in Substance-Related Disorders - Coggle…
Origins of Crime & Violence in Substance-Related Disorders
Etiology Mechanisms
Enslavement theory
: Opiate addiction-must commit crime to support drug use
Inciardi & Pottieger:
Crime first, crime & drugs, drugs first
Hough:
drug dependence => crime; property criminality => drug misuse; drug dependence => property offending; drug use + property offending
Theoretical Explanations
Fagan's Approach
: intox => aggression thru cog. funct. so that intox. person have limited response sets in social situations. Moderated by context bx occurs
Parker's selective disinhibition approach:
internalized norms against violence => disinhibited in certain situations/contexts
Cultural consequences & availability of alcohol
Goldstein's tripartite framework
: psychopharmacological violence, economic compulsive violence, systemic violence
psychopharmacological violence
: properties of drug itself
economic compulsive violence
: high costs of dugs & motivation to obtain drugs
systemic violence
: aggressive interactions related to drug distribution and use
Hoaken & Stewart
: 4 differential reasons for a drugs-aggression relaationship
violent crimes for access to drugs
violence to settle drug disputes
violence and drug use existing coincidentally
violence as a direct effect of drugs on the individual
Terminology
substance dependence
: An addiction to the drug and
substance abuse
: less severe cx involving cont. use of the mind-alt drug
psychological dependence
: users' perceptions tht they need the sub. to feel or funct. optimally
physical dependence
: indicates the physiological adaption of the body to prolonged exposure to the sub.
tolerance
: cellular and metabolic adaptations in response to the cont. presence of the sub.
cross-tolerance
: tolerance to one drug has developed and more of any drug in tht class is necessary to produce effects
potentiation
: additive or synergistic effects of mult. drugs in same class taken at same time
withdrawal
: the supply of sub. to a phy. dependent organism is halted