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Elements, Neutrons (neutral in charge), Electrons (negatively charged),…

- - - - Hydrogen bonding: bond between hydrogen and any electronegative atom (O, Cl, Fl...)
    - - Monosaccharides: one sugar unit
        
        Glucose: you get from foods and used for energy in the body
        
        Fructose: a natural sugar found in honey and fruits/veggies.
        
        Sugars
      - Disaccharides: two sugar units
        
        Lactose: composed of galactose and glucose
        
        Sucrose: composed of glucose and fructose
      - Polysaccharides: many sugar units
        
        Starch: storage form for plants
        
        Glycogen: storage form for animals
  - - - hydrogen ions
        
        pH
        
        measure of hydrogen ion concentration
      - metal cation + nonmetal anion
        
        calcium salts in bones/teeth
        
        sodium and potassium in muscle contraction, nerve fxn, heart rhythm
      - electrolytes conduct electric current
- - - - Secondary
        
        Tertiary
        
        Quaternary Structure
        
        multiple protein subunits
        
        final 3D shape of protein where it becomes stable
        
        folding polypeptide over itself
        
        alpha helix, beta sheet
      - amino acid sequence of polypeptide
- - - - Steroids: lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings