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B. anthracis - Anthrax - Coggle Diagram
B. anthracis
- Anthrax
growth and habitat
found in areas of high nitrogen and flooding
small, irregular colonies
non-hemolytic or has small zone of hemolysis
saphrophyte
aerobic
required for spore formation
forms capsule in high CO2 tension
req'd for virulence
blocks macrophage phagocytosis
no Abs against capsule
sporulation
formed in high #s in O2
therefore
do not open carcass of suspected anthrax case
inhibited by high CO2
resistant to..
boiling
drying
phenol
sunlight
gram staining
killed by autoclaving
very persistent in soil
characteristics
non-motile
large, straight rods in chains/strands
catalase +
form endospores
decolorize easily
infection and pathogenesis
ingestion/inhalation of spores
most common for ruminants
flourishes in mucosa
septicemia
rapid dz induction (as short as 2h)
respiratory distress
drooling
blood discharge for opening of carcass
no rigor mortis
prevents blood clotting and release toxins
entry through skin
most common in humans
spores and vegetative bacteria enter through wound
localized infection
clinical signs
swelling
LN
throat
local, painful lesion
progresses to necrotic ulcer
fever
anorexia
rapid breathing
nasal discharge
depression
death due to vascular collapse
virulence mechanism
3 component toxin
lethal
req'd for pathogenesis
encoded by plasmid pX01
protective Ag
edema factor
lethal toxin
kill phagocytes
damage capillaries
interfere with blood clotting
capsule
encoded by plasmid pX02
required for virulence
blocks phagocytosis
protects against lysis by complement
protects from killing inside of phagolysosomes
diagnosis
do no open or move carcass
carcass
no rigor mortis
blood will not clot
may bleed from openings
may bloat
rapid decomposition
collect blood from topical veins
treatment/prevention
susceptible to common abx
penicillin
tetracycline
reportable
if animal is showing signs
move from field
isolate
observe
vaccine against toxin
effective for 6mo
stern strain which produces little toxin
none for pets
burn carcasses or bury deep in lye