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Early Modern Cultures - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Had a large abundance of gold and salt and often traded with Muslim merchants
        
        Most of the trade was being done by the Berbers with there camel caravans
        
        The kingdom eventually weakened and fell. After the fall it gave rise to Mali
        
        Camels were really great for trading because they require very little food and water.
        
        this trade made the merchants and kings wealthy
  - - - Mali was a very wealthy kingdom from the salt and gold trade
        
        A famous Ruler from Mali was Mansa Musa
        
        Masa Musa is very famous for his large caravan he too on his pilgrimage to Mecca because he was a Muslim
        
        He took lots of gold with him and gave it out along his trip
        
        After He got back he had Timbuktu become a center of learning and he had people build many religious places that are still standing today
        
        After Mansa Musa's death, Mali weakened and soon fell
  - - - some Bantu people settled on the east coast of Africa and created trading cities.
        
        over time the trading in these cites with the Arabs created a Bantu Arab mix called Swahili and became very wealthy
        
        other Bantu people kept going south and some other those people went on to form Zimbabwe
  - - - remains of the structures still remain today
      - when people fist discovered he remains they thought that Africans couldn't build such structure and thought that it was some europeans
- - - - new technologies were everywhere during the song dynasty
        
        Farming improvements were made like the introduction of champa rice and the invention of a new type of plow
        
        the increase in food cased by the improvement in agriculture cause a population increase
        
        the increase in population led to the growth and development of large cities and towns
        
        porcelain was invented an was highly sought after because of its effectives
        
        Buddhist ideas combined with Confucius ideas to create neo Confucianism
        
        gunpowder was made and harnessed to make the first fireworks, cannons, rockets, and bombs
        
        due to the increase in trade paper money was being made instead of coins for easy and better trade.
        
        the printing of paper money was made easier by the invention of the movable type printing press
  - - - The Tang started to increase foreign trade
        
        the silk road and the Indian ocean trade routes picked up and rice, porcelain, and silk are main trading goods
        
        this increase in trade allowed for Buddhism to spread into china
      - the Tang also increase the size of the great canal
      - the Tang introduced the civil service exam to make sure they were electing the right people
  - - - Main accomplishment of the dynasty is the great canal
        
        Th grand canal was built to create a waterway between the two largest rivers in china and increase trade
- - - - The crusades' started when the Byzantine empire requested help in the war against he Muslims
        
        The Catholic Church said that it is a quest to take back the holy lands and that helped rally support
        
        the kings sent the knights to go fight in four separate crusades
        
        When the knight came back from the crusades they brought new technologies back with them and they helped to improve life in Europe
    - - the feudal system was where a person of power gave another person land in turn for protection and other forms of payment.
        
        Lords and Nobles
        
        The lords and Nobles got land from the kings and divided their land into smaller plots to give way
        
        Knights
        
        Skilled warriors who were hired for protection. in return for their service they were often given their own land from the lords
        
        King
        
        The king gave out land to the lords in exchange for providing troops and taxes for the kingdom
        
        Peasants and serfs
        
        The people who worked the land. they were allowed to work the land and keep some of what they made. the reason they worked for the lords was because they wanted protection from the invaders
  - - - the bubonic plague or black death was a deadly illness that ravaged Europe during the late middle ages
        
        many people at the time had different beliefs as to why it was killing everyone and it was scary because everyone was dying in front of you
        
        Many blamed it on sin or Jews
    - - During the crusades life started to improve
        
        Farming got better and the population started to increase
    - - Because the black death killed so many people the price of labor went up
        
        serfs were "freed" and governments became more centralized and money became the main source of wealth rather than land.
  - - - Charlemagne
        
        He was the leader of the franks
        
        he sought to unify many of the tribes in Europe
        
        He sent protection to the pope when he was under attack
        
        In thanks for this act, the pope made him ruler of the Holy Roman Empire
      - Invasions
        
        The Vikings were an invasive group who invaded from Scandinavia
        
        the Vikings pillaged and plundered several places all across Europe
        
        the Vikings settles in some places the traveled like Normandy
        
        The Magyars
        
        They were considered to be the new Huns because they were very skilled horsemen
        
        They swept across Europe form Russia all the too Germany
        
        Muslims invaded from the southern part of Europe
      - The Roman Catholic Church
        
        The church was one of the only things to survive the fall of roman empire
        
        the church went on missionary efforts to convert the Germanic tribes that took over after the fall of the roman empire
        
        The church remained as a figure of unity throughout the Middle ages
- - - - Sunni and Shiite split due to debate over who should take over
        
        Sunni believe that the first Caliph should have been Ali
        
        Shiite believe that Abu-Bakr was right to take over rule and become the first Caliph
  - - - Conquest stopped after a loss at the battle of tours with the franks
  - - - Moved the capital city of the the empire to Baghdad
        
        military power had weakened
        
        Umayyads hired Seljuk Turks to fight for them.
        
        the Seljuk Turks took over the empire and became the political rulers of the empire.
        
        the Byzantines challenged the Turks and this was a mistake and marked the start of the crusades.
        
        the Muslims won the crusades and they kept there rule over the holy land
        
        The empire finally fell with the attack of the Mongols
        
        Baghdad became a center for learning and trade.
        
        many advancements in learning were made during this time at the house of wisdom
        
        restoration and translation of text was done
        
        modern medicine has its roots during this time
        
        art was thriving and calligraphy was a big deal
        
        games like chess and polo were alos invented at this time
        
        advancements in navigation and astronomy were made
        
        more advanced math like algebra was being discovered
        
        trade between Europe and Asia came to a middle point in Baghdad and the city became a trading center
- - - - The capital city was Tenochtitlán
      - The Aztecs were polytheistic and they believed in many gods
        
        They built large temples for their gods
        
        They also practiced human sacrifice to appease the gods
      - The Aztecs were ruled by a central monarch
        
        The empire would fall when Spanish entered and conquered the area
  - - - The empire had a strong central government divided into sections
      - Architecture
        
        The Inca are known for their impressive roads and structures that they managed to build in the mountains
        
        The Llama was a work horse for the empire and its construction
      - labor
        
        the Mita labor system was widespread an adopted across the empire
        
        The step agricultural system they used is very impressive
- - - - He was ruthless and did his best to take over the Indian subcontinent
        
        the area of the conquest would go on to be known as the Delhi Sultanate. This was concentrate in the northern part of India
        
        the rulers kept good separation of the people but they weren't to ruthless on conversion to Islam
        
        Muslims and Hindus still have conflicts in this part of the world today
        
        The southern Hindus formed the Vijayanagara Empire. This was a Hindu empire in contrast to the Sultanate in the North
        
        The southern portion became a trading stop for merchants for who traveled by water