Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Neutrophils: Leukocytes - Coggle Diagram
Neutrophils: Leukocytes
normal presentation
compartments and pools
pools
tissue neutrophils
marrow neutrophils
primary site of leukopoiesis
neutrophil maturation
7d in health
2-3d with stimulation
3 neutrophil pools
proliferating NP (ProNP)
cells capable of undergoing division
maturing NP (MatNP)
post-mitotic
maturing cells
storage NP (SNP)
reserve of cells
kinetics
released from maturation/stoage pools in ordely manner
most mature first
increased demand releases bands
metamyelocytes are last to release
7 days from myeloblast to segmented neutrophil
ruminants have small storage pool
dogs have robust storage pool
peripheral blood neutrophils
circulating NP (CNP)
cells that are quantified on the leukogram
CNP #
1.0 in most species
3.0 in cats
cells that freely flow in vasculature
marginated NP (MNP)
cells temporarily adhered to endothelium
not quantified on leukogram
free exchange between pools
these are "one way" compartments
concentrations can and do change
mechanism
shifts of neutrophils
from marginated pool to circulating pool
minutes to hours
increased release
maturation/storage pools
hours
increased production
bone marrow precursors
trafficking
can migrate to sites of inflammation
lost via apoptosis or migration into tissues
neutrophil 1/2t 6h
abnormal concentrations
neutrophilia
left shift often present
increase in immature neutrophils in circulation
inflammation hallmark
causes
inflammation
causes
immune-mediated dz
necrosis
hemorrhage
neoplasia
infection
steroid (stress)
results from increased concentration of glucocorticoids
stress
hyperadrenocorticism
glucocorticoid therapy
mature neutrophilia
mechanisms
shift from marginated to circulating pool
decreased tissue emigrant
increased release from marrow
rare bands
epinenephrine neutrophilia
mature neutrophilia
mechanism
shift from marginated to circulating pool
causes
catecholamines
strenous exercise
fear
excited
transient
myeloid neoplasia
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
mechanisms
increase release from marrow
increased production by precursors in marriage
neutropenia
mechanisms
shift of neutrophils from circulating pool to marginated pol
takes minutes to hours
overwhelming egress
inflammatory consumptin
decreaesd prodution by bone marrow precursors
days-long process
causes
inflammatory neutropenia
most often seen in large animals :cow:
can occur in any species
may see left shift (not always
mechanisms
overwhelming tissue demand
leads to CNP, MNP, SNP
+/- depletion of MatNP
decreased production
damage to precursors or bone marrow microenvironment
viruses
tickborne diseases
toxicity
chemo
neoplasia
decreased bone marrow production
peripheral destruction
alagous to IMHA for neutrophils
immune mediated neutropenia
idiopathic or neoplastic
endotoxemia
infection with gram neg bacteria
short-lived mechanism
rarely seen
indistinguishable from inflammatory neutropenia
usually occurs in concert with inflammatory neutropenia
reversible
mechanism
shift of cells from CNP to MNP
abnormal morphologies
toxic change
:eye: :microscope:
cytoplasmic basophilia
foamy cytoplasm
Dohle bodies
:cat: small numbers when healthy
rare sights
giant neutrophils
toxic granulation
often seen with inflammation
not required to define inflammation
develops in bone marrow
increased bone marrow production
defective maturation
fxn not impacted
infectious agents
A. phagocytophilum
H. capsulatum
CDV inclusions
H. americanum
inherited
Pelger-Huet anomaly
hyposegmented nuclei
normal fxn
common in certain dog breeds
Aussies
must differentiate from left shift
hypersegmentation
