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Sept 20 Chemistry Y12 - Coggle Diagram
Sept 20 Chemistry Y12
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Bonding
Ionic
Properties
Solubility
They are soluble because of the positive and negative ions and the polar nature of a solvent like water
MP/BP
High because of the strong electrostatic forces between positive and negative ions which need high energy to break
Conductivity
When molten or part of a solution they will conduct because the ions are free to move and carry a charge but in solids they are in fixed positions and can't carry a charge
Strength
Very strong because they have strong electrostatic atttaction between positive and negative ions which need a lot of energy to break
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Covalent
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Properties
Solubility
Non-polar, they are too strong to be broken down by solvents
Conductivity
If all of the electrons in the outer shell of the atom are used in bonding, it does not conduct electricity, if they are not all used in bonding the free electrons can move freely and carry a charge (graphite and graphene)
MP/BP
Covalent bonds are very strong, high melting points as they require a lot of energy to break the bonds
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Metallic
Properties
MP/BP
Strong electrostatic attraction between the positive cations and the negative delocalised electrons, requires a lot of energy to break
Atoms with larger atomic radii have weaker electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and delocalised electrons
Conductivity
Cations in a sea of delocalised electrons, they can conduct because electrons are delocalised and can carry a charge
Solubility
Metals are insoluble, even in polar solvents, because the strong electrostatic force of attraction between the cations and delocalised electrons is too large to be overcome by the dipoles on a polar solvent such as water
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A lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by delocalised outer electrons, held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction
Isomers
Same molecular formula, different structural formula
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