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Essay question: Is state sovereignty the most effective way to maintain…
Essay question: Is state sovereignty the most effective way to maintain order in the international
system?
Statehood
own territory, own people, legitimacy by the people/ones who are governed, acknowledged by international system + international system
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Imperfections of state
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International actors (UN,EU) are made up of states that has own agendas - realistic theory
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state, stateness, exclusion
- who grants protection to stateless people? peoples right to be treated humanely are often tied tied to a state. norms and laws are upheld by state and they often overlook rights from non citizens. Yes, there might be a law but implemention is another thing. No state=no refugees.
Rights are veaponized by state, sovereignty does not necessary give protection.
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Questions that may arise
- What is non western countries views on state sovereignty
It should not be a question about wether it is efficient or not, but if it is morally right or not.
Could there be a stateless world?
- Humans look for order and there has always been someone who provides with that
- people fought w/e/o for resources even in a pre state system
what if there would be a stateless world? There will be no immigrants and everyone has the right to same resources, but will human nature allow this. People has fought with one other about resource since time begun.
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why statehood is still important
- legacy for many people in for instance norway, britain + a goal for people longing for sovereignty
Nationalism in ir theory
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Power: Emass, preserve, conquer or stabilise it for the sake of order. --> similar to the theory of survival of the fittest in a competitive world
rational way of thinking?
- power and a rational actor goes hand in hand because it is a state's motivation (classical realism)
The people: agency and ideas. states are not billiard balls, but the people are. people are not predictable. humans are an agency who do what they want
Generate ideas, feel, imagines
neorealism: there are little room for concepts such as feeling, but they are important. Ideology and identity, hand in hand, with feelings. --> feeling of belonging and sense of community
Most "successful" of all the ideologies (imperialism, liberalism, marxism, environmentalism, anti colonialism, feminism, fascism etc
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Awareness of national identity/ historic and territorial aspect --> heritage. Ppl should have the same heritage in the same territory. us vs them.
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sentiment, cultural, territorial, primordeal
The state is not necessary attached to ideology, it is rather a pragmatic entity for order
although there are certain believes about territory that people are attached to + community and same history.
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excluded for citizenship
Jews, palestinians, african refugees --> not regarded as people in some states.
State in IR theory
Acknowledge eurocentrism
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"we would like to make your country better, but by doing so you need to abide by OUR rules and if you don't there will be sanctions"
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alternative organised hypocrisy
- humans are naturally biased against own history
- deny some communities form while provide someone other with it.
who gave some states the power to intervene and exclude?
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Find patterns: societies separated by colour lines, unfair trade systems in post colonialized countries
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Realism = analyse, manage challenges, counterpoint to cynicism, uphold norms abt cooperative behavior, debate
Idealism= reformist, normative approach
BOTH: solve problems, (Robert cox)
- Fix problem, but not get rid of concept but upgrade system is ok.
- recognise limitations
Constructivism "Anarchy is what states make of it" it changes over time, power of agency, people and ideas
postcolonial theory
- who is speaking, writing and producing knowledge?
is the global market a recent phenomenon?
- long history of imperial trade
- trade was often connected to race, a hierarchy
- transatlantic slave trade and anglo American wealth --> facilitated slave trade in sugar/ cotton
- east india company
- dutch east india company
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justification for colonialism
- cooperative international system applied only for western states
- Napoleonic France had to retreat because they harmed states FROM, WITHIN THE WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM, nothing was said ab imperialism
- billiard system is faulty: when Europeans could not conquer Europeans, they simply looked outside Europe. norms of sovereignty applied only to the west.
- liberalism and hierarcy
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countries that sat with different opinions was seen as a threat (US intervensions in the middle east) to the western orders
Kant, mill made arguments of how the colonization of india is necessary to help them progress "indians were an infant state and they need to mature"
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