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A2 NEA - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Mariam
        
        Guilt - mother's suicide since she betrayed her knowing her condition was unstable but wanted to be with her father.
        
        Shame - sacrificed relationship with mother, an abused and bitter woman to strengthen the one-sided one with her father, a weaker, man.
        
        Social standing - As a harami (bastard) her status is lower than her half siblings becuase she was born out of wedlock and is made to feel deeply ashamed by Jail's family, villagers and her husband Rasheed.
        
        Social standing - As a result of her mother's episodes and her rough persona, Mariam has a tarnished reputation.
        
        Shame - Mariam convinces herself that she doesn't deserve to be loved, espescially when she is raped and defiled by her husband as a teenaged girl and even when she gets pregnant
      - Laila
        
        Shame - surviving the bombing that killed her parents purely by luck.
      - Both characters
        
        Suffer - psychological harm and damage that Rasheed has when he physcially harms them which makes them feel pain and inferior because of how he asserts his authority over them.
      - Taliban
        
        Many laws consider the status of women as shameful and are creatures that must be barred form the public sphere which is quite an intimitley personal approach to shame.
        
        In a political sense, women are denied rights like the ability to have equal power in the workplace and speak for themselves and don't have the same rights men have which makes their society patriarchal.
        
        Standards often falsely agreed as "protecting" a woman's honour.
    - - In Afghan society men have complete power over their wives
      - The Taliban makes this law.
      - In some Muslim communities discrimination can come in the form of:
        
        beatings
        
        murder
        
        loss of control of their children
        
        humiliation
    - - The characters are victims of:
        
        Soviets
        
        Mujahideen
        
        Taliban
        
        little compassion for life
      - Power is the motivator for these oppressive men.
    - - Under communist rule, girls are permitted to attend school and work outside home.
      - Babi creates this status and encourages Laila to take part of it
      - Girls are discouraged from spending too much time with men before marriage.
      - Traditional/ reigional norms
        
        Mariam was required to wear a burqa long before she got married.
        
        Men like Laila's brothers have to go off and fight while women must stay home and deal with the repercussions of war.
      - Progressive under communism but changes drastically with the arrival of:
        
        Mujahideen
        
        Eventually, the Taliban.
        
        Laila
        
        Restrictions have the effect of taking Kabul (her city) away form her which limits her freedom of speech and movement
        
        Both girls
        
        They subvert the norms when Laila sneaks across the orphanage with Mariam, planning and escape (blundered) from Rasheed
        
        The Taliban may have legally sanctioned Rasheed's violent beatings.
        
        Despite this, Hosseini is clearly on the side of greater freedoms for women and the reader is meant to cheer on the women against inequality.
    - - Takes on different forms
        
        Emotional
        
        Laila
        
        Willingly chooses to suffer to see her daughter
        
        Mammy takes refuge in her dark bedroom because of the grief of losing her sons.
        
        Physical
        
        Laila
        
        Lost her brothers; Babi allowed them to go and fight the Mujahideen and Mammy acusses and blames him for it
        
        Laila was more pragmatic: marries Rasheed not because of her parents death.
        
        Willing chooses to get beaten by the Taliban for travelling alone as a woman to see her daughter Aziza at the orphanage.
        
        Mariam
        
        Chooses to kill Rasheed to give Laila a better chance at life, knowing she will be convicted and executed by the Taliban as a result.
- - - - Hero Worship
      - Aggression
      - Sexual attraction
      - Primitive/ almost animal in the ferocity in interactions:
        
        fighting
        
        love-making
        
        reationship
        
        difficult to understand relationship