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CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR: IDEOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR: IDEOLOGY
US foreign policy; ideals vs reality
Capitalist democracy 1. separation of powers and limited government 2. free market 3. freedoms protected 4. open society
National self-determination; opposed spheres of influence and imperialism; was not sustained due to Cold War realities
Internationalism (US to be involved in international affairs; IMF, World Bank etc) and collective security (UN - all countries to be responsible for world peace; a recognition that US isolationalism led to WW2)
Soviet foreign policy; ideals vs reality
Communism 1. single party rule 2. command economy 3. no freedoms and repression 4.control of society
Opposed national self-determination; wanted spheres of influence
Opposition to internationalism and preferred spheres of influence; refusal to join international organisations and did not support UN
Soviet foreign policy driven by ideology; Marxist internationalism; war with capitalism inevitable; feared capitalist encirclement
Role of Comintern before WW2; spread communism worldwide
The Red Army captured Eastern Europe; imposed Soviet-backed domestic communists in power
Soviet foreign policy not driven by ideology
Stalin wanted to preserve the Grand Alliance; took many steps not to antagonise them in order to focus on Soviet reconstruction; Stalin postponed Marxist Internationalism in favour of socialism in one country; closed Comintern during WW2 in gain Allied support
Soviet domestic concerns; Stalin was worried about his soldiers' exposure to the West which may lead to revolutionary sentiments; used anti-Americanism to justify domestic repression
Stalin's paranoia about personal security; misplaced due to extensive spying on West but could not accept that they did not intend war
Stalin was driven by Great Russian imperialism; Russia as empire predated the Soviet Union; ie: wanted to seize former Japanese territories lost due to the Russo-Japanese war, control over the Straits of Dardanelles etc
Soviet security concerns; need for buffer from Western invasions hence determined to retain Eastern Europe
Stalin's concern about US atomic monopoly; need for security
US foreign policy driven by ideology: US exceptionalism
Supported internationalism/collective security as a way to ensure world peace; used UN against the Soviets over Iran (1946), refused China a seat in the UN which isolated China internationally (1949)
US FP elites were from corporate law or mgt backgrounds; stressed capitalism
Opposed imperialism; opposed Soviet sphere over Eastern Europe; allegedly wanted to use capitalism to detach them from Soviets
Promoted capitalist democracy; used Marshall Plan to support conservative Western European democrats; wanted to promote self-determination and democracy in Eastern Europe
Pre-WW2 fears; Red Scare
US dollar diplomacy to spread capitalism; to destroy Soviet economy; ended Lend-Lease and unwilling to provide reconstruction loan
US foreign policy not driven by ideology
Created their own empire; empire by invitation in Western Europe
Truman under domestic pressure due to elections; falling popularity due to post-war problems; Republicans gaining popularity
Truman's experiences and personality; did not understand FDR's intentions; favoured black and white view and strong supporter of American values
FDR acceptance of Soviet sphere; could not openly declare due to US being a democracy; acceptance of realpolitik as US involvement there limited
US atomic monopoly; impotency of omnipotence; did not really use it to coerce the Soviets to achieve ideological goals; favoured international control instead