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The Ecology and Environment - Coggle Diagram
The Ecology and Environment
Important Keywords
Population
Organisms of a particulat species that was found in an ecosystem at a certain time.
Habitat
A place where a population/organism resides
Ecosystem
Group of communities that interact with each other and their physical surroundings
Community
Population of animals and plants that interact with each other
Quadrants
Correct Way
Use a random number generator on a calculator/dice to find a certain coordinate.
Repeat the experiment, perhaps at another time/day to spot any changes and improve reliability.
Wrong Way
Do not throw quadrants, as it is not random nor fair
It depends on eg. where you are standing, how hard the quadrant is thrown, etc.
Used to count a smaller representative of a population at random
Biodiversity
Meaning
: the variation shown by the number of species in an ecosystem
Measured
by
: the relative abundance of each species (%) and number of species present
Why do we need biodiversity?
Animals are less dependant on a single food source
Genetic diseases are less common
Trophic Levels
Secondary/Tertiary Consumers
(Mostly) Carnivores that eat P.cons
Look below.
Primary Consumers
Herbivores that eat producers
Gains 10% Energy eating plants and gaining glucose which is fixed, passing down to its predators
Decomposers
Mostly microorganisms that break down dead material and recycle nutrients.
Gains 10% Energy from eating corpses, gaining energy from its cells etc.
Producers
Plants that photosynthesise to make food
Gains 10% Energy from the sun via photosynthesis, turns into chemicals eg. starch and glucose
Gaining Energy
What happened to the 90%
Making new cells and molecules
Excretion and waste
Metabolic Processes
Internal chemical reactions
Heat Loss
Movement
Respiration
Remember! The longer the chain, the less energy is available for the last trophic level.
How it is spread
Producer gets 100%
1st Cons. get 10%
2nd Cons. get 1%
3rd Cons get 0.1%
No energy left for other levels