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Unit 1.1 Section 1.1.1 The nature of travel and tourism, Use computerised…
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- Use computerised reservation systems to try to forecast the need for tactical actions if demand is believed to be below expected levels
- Develop pricing policies e.g. BOGOF, especially to sell products during off-peak periods
- Promotion to market products during off-peak periods
- Last-minute deals
- Hold themed events outside of peak time e.g. Halloween. This helps to extend the season.
- Offer special off-peak discounts e.g. BOGOF
- Use marketing techniques to attract groups who are available during the shoulder months or off-peak times e.g. elderly
- Encourage business tourism, which is less seasonal. Hire out facilities to groups for meetings/conferences/exhibitions
- Identify niche activities for out of season times
- Put on special offers to school groups, to attract them during term time
- Build purpose-built facilities e.g. facilities that aren't affected by the weather so they can be accessed at any time. Try to develop an amalgam destination.
- Encourage businesses in your destination to hold themed events
a perishable product cannot be stored for sale on a future occasion. It must be used by a certain time/has an expiry date/cannot be used again.
E.g. an airline seat unsold or a convention centre left empty
- Promotional videos - clients can see what there is and will be encouraged to purchase the product e.g. a ticket, holiday
- Distributing sales literature (brochures, leaflets) to provide extra info. information and advertise what the product is e.g. a holiday or hotel
- Virtual tours so people know what to expect and will not be disappointed with the product
- Offer discounts so people are less likely to complain if something doesn't reach their expectation
- Companies can share user experiences/quotes/reviews e.g. from TripAdvisor. This allows them to have more confidence in the product
- Travel agents can share any drawback so customers are more prepared for their experience
- creates employment =,better standard or living
- $ = improves infrastructure & development of areas that have suffered through economic downturn = better standard of living, help locals
- Reduces leakage
- Easier to communicate with people from within their own country = less impact with demonstration effect, less offence caused to locals, no language barriers
- Easier to obtain visas e.g. online
- more holidays for workers/paid holidays
- more disposable income to use for travel
- better access to transport
- business purposes
- VFR
- more flexibility - you are not tied to location or timings provided by a packaged deal
- not tied to a group agenda - you can do your own thing according to your circumstances (family, business etc.) or interests
- you can book a holiday according to your own budget
- you may find it harder to find good deals as tour operators can bulk buy and travel agents have travel connections to offer good deals
- you may miss vital information due to lack of expertise e.g. visa or passport info.
- no consumer protection e.g. ATOL or ASTA
- more time consuming - you need to explore various websites
Protects customers who had booked holidays making sure they don't get stranded abroad
Protects people that have booked package holidays that include flights
Offer customers reassurance that an agency is reliable and trustworthy.
Members include: Travel agents, and the companies whose products they sell
- cheaper
- innovative treatments found abroad
- treatments not available in home country
- exchange rates make the cost of health care treatment cheaper
- specialist doctors abroad
- easier to obtain a medical visa
- rehabilitation can take place near a nice environment e.g. a sunny beach
- people living in rich countries can afford to travel abroad for better medical care
- better facilities
- medical care waiting lists are too long in home countries
- better level of medical expertise
- packages are provided for tourists e.g. VIP pickup
- $ for govt.
- Ancillary services are required e.g. hotels and shops = jobs for locals = earn an income. Jobs are often less seasonal, compared to other types of tourism e.g. mass tourism
- govt. earns more income e.g. from visas and tourist taxes
- Medical tourists decide they want to learn more about and explore more of the destination so they revisit
- infrastructure need developing in order to accommodate additional tourists. This can benefit business and local people
- Information is transferred between locals and tourists. This encourages greater understanding.
- Cultures are preserved as tourists enjoy seeing them and learning about them
- Intangible experiences enhance tourist appeal = encourages more visits - Intangible experiences include learning a skill, a language and taking part in a culture
- Income from cultural tourists helps to fund preservation projects, e.g. historical architecture
- Income from tourists can be used to develop infrastructure. This benefits tourists (who get a better experience), tourist businesses and locals.
- Cultural events are important to sustain destinations. They encourage visitors to come and spend their time and $ in these places = job creation/incomes for locals
- people have more free time e.g. paid holidays/early retirement
- better pensions = retired people can afford holidays that involve sports
- Disposable income = people can afford to take more expensive sports-related holidays and purchase sporting goods
- people want to see famous people play sports
- social media = promotes sporting events and activities
- Destinations are geared up for sports tourists e.g. if there is a World Cup, accommodation, infrastructure and facilities will be improved = this attracts people to the destination
- Involves the movement of large numbers of holidaymakers coming to 1 destination
- There is usually a particular reason to visit a location for mass tourism e.g. visiting a seaside resort in the Mediterranean for sunbathing
- Usually happens during peak holiday time e.g. summer
- Often associated with a package deal
- Fortis La Femme, New Delhi
- Hua Hin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cayman Islands
- Hajj - pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Lourdes, France
- Vatican City, Rome
- Bungee jumping, New Zealand
- Shark cage diving, South Africa
- Tours visiting Antarctica
- Jungle trekking, Amazon rainforest Brazil
- White water rafting, Costa Rica
- Maasai Tribe, Kenya
- La Tomatina, Bunol, Spain
- Venice
- Entumoto Safari Camp, Maasai Mara National Park, Kenya
- ION Adventure Hotel, Iceland
- Cala de Mar, Mexico
- Amanera, Dominican Republic
- Qatar World Cup 2022
- Olympic Games, Brazil 2016
- Grand Prix, Abu Dhabi UAE
- Auschwitz, Warsaw
- Chernobyl, Ukraine
- Anne Frank museum
Representing travel agents and tour operators. ABTA protection is designed to enforce standards and provide insurance for holidaymakers in the event of financial problems for travel companies.
ABTA protection means that if your travel company goes out of business, you will be entitled to a refund which includes hotel costs.
ABTA covers non-flight based holidays but other modes of transport (rail, cruise)
Specialist tour operators - are small and medium sized companies that create holiday packages for customers wanting to go on a specific type of holiday; type of activity, type of transport, type of accommodation or by age group.
- Consumer demands and tastes have changed. Destinations need to follow their markets in order to attract tourist to make $
- Tourists now want a more unique experience, which can be achieved by providing more specialised attractions/activities
- Tourists want to learn, experience authenticity and try something new. Tourists want to feel good about themselves and improve themselves, they wan to feel like they've done something with their holiday
- Mass tourism is no longer attractive as it damages the natural and cultural assets that the tourist seek to experience
Tourists are willing to spend more money to have more personalised and unique experiences
- Having a range products and services will allow destinations to attract different types of tourists
Specialist tour operators:
- MAX SKI - skiing - educational
- CANVAS Holidays - campsite
- Shearing's Holidays - coach holidays
- SAGA - holidays for old people