Unlike his father, Wilhelm II did not want Otto von Bismarck to have power, so instead of forging alliances between countries, he began to industrialize Germany, making it a military power and the strongest country in Europe. Germany began to annex its neighbors, causing alliances to be formed.

Austria and Russia have conflcit over events in the Balkans. The Driekaiserbund collapses.

Ethnic conflicts planted visceral hatreds which would fester in Central and Eastern Europe

Most of Germany was united with the exclusion of Austria, and because of Napoleon dethronement, the Papal States were absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy thus leading to both a German unification and an Italian unification.

A war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The war marked the end of French hegemony and they had lost the territory of Alsace Lorraine. This sparked France's desire for revenge and resulted in the overall creation of a unified Germany.

A military and political pact which developed between Russia and France in 1891. This alliance terminated the diplomatic isolation of France as well as it undermined the supremacy of the German empire in Europe.

An alliance between Great Britain and Japan, its creation was the end of Great Britain's age of having temporary treaties. This was its first permanent treaty after a century, and it was eventually scrapped because both sides feared Russia

In 1908, Bosnia was led to annexation by Austria Hungary. It was made in the consequence between Russia and the Dual Monarchy. It lasted until a few days after the start of 1909 and could've signaled to start a general war in Europe.

This occurred in 1912 and was encouraged by Russia. The Balkan states of Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece formed an alliance (AKA the Balkan alliance). The goal of this alliance was to go against the ottoman empire, for example, Turkey who was already weekend form fighting Italy. Austria was mad and wanted to take action against Serbia for trying to take control of Turkey when they were most vulnerable however they were scared that Russia would take action, Aswell. This all led to a peace treaty that divided Turkey into Balkan states. Austria also forced the creation of Albania. It was a piece of land in-between Serbia and the Adriatic Sea. It caused a lot of resenting between the two powers.

• In 1913, one year after the first Balkan war, there was a disagreement of how the Balkan states gained in the first war were to be distributed. Austria still wanted to take action and in doing so asked helped from Germany because Russia was to back up Serbia. However, Germany told Austria to relax. Servia, Greek, and Turkey all defeated Bulgaria, and in turn, they lost all land they had won in the first war. Tension elevated to levels that scared officials of full-blown war to proportions.

In 1904, Russia and Japan fought over territory in Korea and Manchuria, with Russia losing at the end, which caused Russia to be humiliated in Europe due to its loss to an Asian country. This also marked the time when European countries realized Japan's power and began to fear it

First Naval law in Germany that was passed in 1889. They built 7 new battle ship, bringing their total to 14.

Both of these events made Britain seem like a threat to many of the other European Countries during this time/

On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand (Heir to the throne of Austria) and his wife was assassinated on their way to Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip who worked with terrorists from the Serbian Black Hand Movement. It produced fury in Austria. The Austrian government immediately blamed the assassination of the Serbian government, which was creating a lot of tension for revenge

The French Revolution was the first liberal revolution in Europe, causing people all across Europe to try to overthrow monarchs and creating a strong sense of nationalism because various ethnic groups were in a single state

The working class in France decided to invade a military storehouse, plotting to kill the king, and the king was soon assassinated, forming the French Republic

Assembled all the representatives of all the European powers to reconstruct a new order from the wreckage of the Napoleonic Empire: largely successful initially, but was based under the assumption that not only a general European war, but also the threat of revolution should be avoided, causing nationalism and liberalism to be supressed

A treaty made in 1887, It was a secret agreement between Germany and Russia arranged by Bismarck. after the end of the Emperors League. It maintained Germany's power and relations in Europe as a whole.

Emperors Alliance was an alliance between Germany, Russia, and Austria. Ultimately it increased power and relations between these countries. It fell due to tension between Russia and Austria before 1887 when Bismark took over.

Made 1882 between Germany, Austria and Italy. It strengthened relations between these 3 especially Italy and Austria.

On 5th July 1914, Germany said it would give unconditional support to Austria Hungary if they declare war on Serbia through the blank cheque. Austria Hungary knew it would have Germany by its side. Even though Germany knew the risks of what will happen if Austria Hungary declared war, Germany still gave its unconditional support. This gave the confidence of Austria to declare war on Serbia. They were ready to secure a victory for Austria Hungary over Serbia.

On July 23, 1914, Austria-Hungary issued an extreme ultimatum to Serbia that Austria-Hungary knew that Serbia would reject. The ultimatum claimed that Serbia was involved in the assassination of the archduke and it made ten demands that were made to stop the terrorist activities of Serbian nationalists. The Serbian government agreed to most of the demands but Austria-Hungary wanted full acceptance of their original ultimatum. Serbia did not accept the original ultimatum and did not meet all the demands that Austria wanted, which was expected. Austria-Hungary did this on purpose and when they got what they wanted, they declared war on Serbia on 28th July 1914.

The Russian government made it very clear that they would go to war to save Serbia unless Austria Hungary removes its troops from Serbian territory. After the Austrian government refused, Russia mobilized its troops on July 29 1914. They still wished for a negotiation settlement. The German government warned that if Russia mobilizes than the Germans will mobilize too. After Russia mobilized, Germany was eager to follow the Schlieffen Plan. This would lead to Germany violating Belgian neutrality and invading France

On July 31 1914, the German government sent the Russian government an ultimatum which said that unless Russia ceased all military preparations, Germany would have to declare war. In response, the Russian claimed that its mobilization plans inferred no aggressive action, and continued to express a desire for a peaceful settlement. Even with that, Germany declares war on Russia on August 1, 1914.Germany declaring war on Russia means that it will invade Belgium and attack France. This will involve France into the war. Britain then will have to get involved because they have a treaty with Belgium.

The German government had sent an ultimatum to the Belgian government asking for permission to allow the German army safe passage for it to attack France. The France government said that they are going to follow their own interests. On August 3, 1914 the German army invaded Belgium. Then they declared war on France even though France had no major interests in the Balkans. Germany invading Belgium was an issue of violating Belgian neutrality to which Britain was committed. Germany pulled Britain to the war by invading Belgium. The British government said they would take actions if Germany invades Belgium, which they did. Germany pulled France into the war by declaring war with them because France wanted to just follow their own interests.

Because Germany invaded Belgium and violated Belgian neutrality, Britain declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914. Sir Edward Grey previously had warned the German government that any breach in neutrality would result in a British declaration of war. Sir Edward Grey had realized that he could not stand aside and watch France get crushed by Germany. Because Germany did not listen to the request of the Britain government, Britain declared war on Germany. Britain got involved in the war with the other major European powers. Britain declaring war on Germany adds to the war with Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and etc.

Series of revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They cam after the conservative governments of the Napolean wars sought to control the legacy of the French Revolution They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.