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Normative Theory, Motivations/ Principles > Actions > Outcomes,…

- - - - an action is morally right if the decision-maker freely decides to pursue
        either their desires (short-term) or their interests (long-term).
      - One of the oldest Greek philosophical ideas
      - the only suitable
        strategy to achieve a good life is to pursue desires and interests.
      - Everyone must be free to pursue their self-interests
      - acting to
        increase their happiness
      - Motto: “To maximize our utility.”
      - Example: Pursuing a gay/lesbian relationship
      - Individual desires or
        interests
- - - - Maxim 1:
        Consistency
        
        consistently followed by everyone in all cases
      - Maxim 2:
        Human dignity
        
        always as an end and never as a means only
      - Maxim 3:
        Universality
        
        universally lawgiving
  - - - basic, unalienable entitlements that are inherent to all human beings,
      - result in the duty of other actors to respect them
      - often backed up with
        religious views
      - most common and essential
        theoretical approaches to business ethics on a practical level.
      - • Entitlement to a fair legal process
        
        Privacy
        
        Consent
        
        Conscience
        
        • Freedom of speech
        
        • Property
        
        • Freedom
        
        Rights to life
    - - simultaneously fair treatment of individuals in a given situation with the result that everybody
        gets what they deserve
      - Motto: “To choose under the ‘veil of ignorance’”
      - Theories of justice
        
        Fair procedures (procedural justice) – Fairness is determined according to whether everyone
        has been free to acquire rewards for their efforts.
        
        Fair outcomes (distributive justice) – Fairness is determined according to whether the consequences (positive and negative)
      - Justice has also been a key feature of debates
        about globalization and sustainability
      - Example: Improving
        employees’ perceptions of fairness are significant using this ways:
        
        establishing fair procedures in allocating rewards;
        
        • providing detailed and timely explanations for decision procedures and outcomes; and
        
        • tailoring communication to meet employees’ specific needs.
      - Equal rights need to be raised fairly