HF
Pathophysiology/causes
HTN
Pathophysiology/causes
Symptoms
Symptoms
Risk factors
Risks
Labs/diagnostics
Labs/diagnostics
Complications/collaborative treatments
Complications/collaborative treatments
Congenital defects
left sided heart failure
cardiomyopathies
cocaine use
medications
genetic
Tetralogy of Fallot.
severe heart defect
missing interventricular septum
common in down syndrome
arrythmias
carditis
inflammation
ECG
chest X-ray
serum electrolyte
BUN:creatine
BNP
ABGs
cardiac troponin
dyspnea
exertion
lyingdown
Nausea/vomiting
fatigue/weakness
fluid retention
weight gain
right sided
left sided
JVD
peripheral edema
pulmonary congestion
organs hypopersusion
cns
confusion
anxiety
loc
kidney
hypoperfusion
decrease gfr
pre renal azotemia
shortness of breath
crackles in lungs
liver
ascistes
low bp
High BP
coronary artery disease
diabetes
MI
medication
nsaids
some anesthesia meds
meds to treat psychiatric disorders
cancer meds
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infections
stress test
painful hepatospemagaly
enlargement of the liver
cardiac cirrhosis
liver cirrhosis as a result of the heart
right sided heart failure
most often caused by left sided heart failure
Myocardial infarctions
cor pulmonale
copd
dependent pitting
obstructive pulmonary disorders
asthma
bronchitis
bronchiectasis
enlargement of the bronchi
general definition
failure of the heart as a pump
vitals
cardiomyopathy
hypertension
dilated
restrictive
ischemia
left heart has to pump harder against the high bp
heart muscle gets bigger and has more of a chance to infarct
vasoconstriction due to hypoxia
stretch the heart muscle
no longer contract as strong
cant fill the heart appropriately
poor compliance of the heart muscle
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
dyspnea when pt lays flat over a period of hours
usually after sleep
orthopnea
dyspnea after laying down for a couple of minutes
heart failure cells
Hemosiderin laden macrophages
activiation of renin angiotensin aldosterone system
will increase bp
exacerbate HF
left sided
mainstay is ace inhibitors
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left to right shunt
when the blood backs up into the lungs blood vessels may rupture
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.>0.40 ng/ml
pH 7.4
pO2 75-100 mmHg
pCO2 35-45 mmHg
.>100 pg/ml
can help determine the severity
cardiomyopathies
surgery
heart valve replacement. repair
pacemaker
transplant
ventricular assistive devices
hospice
medications
beta-blockers
diuretics
digoxin
increased blood pressure
.>140/90 mm Hg
primary HYN
95% unknown
primary
age
older
race
african american males
high risk
asain males
low risk
Obesity
stress
high salt diet
low or no exercise
usually talk about risk factors
25% OF US POPULATION
secondary HTN
5% of cases
renal artery stenosis
RAAS
unilateral atrophy of affected kidney
aldestorne
resorbes sodium
resorbes water
vaso constriction
increases peripheral resistance
increase in plasma renin
cause
atherosclerosis
elderly males
fibromuscular dysplasia
young females
benign HTN
Malignant HTN
mild or moderate elevation of BP
clinically silent
vessels and organs are damaged overtime
severe increase in BP
.>200/120 mmHg
etiology
de novo
or from benign
new
acute renal failure
headache
papilledema
blurred vision
medical emergency
bp
lifestyle changes
DIETARY RESTRICTION
LOW OR NO SALT DIETS
meds
ARBs
diuretics
stress reduction techniques
exercise
focusing on weight-loss
ace inhibitors
smoking cessation