Regionalism
Regions
Historic - based on common sacred symbols and myths Ex: Rajputana - Rajasthan and MP
Linguistic - AP, TN, Karnataka
Cultural - North and South India
Variables
Geography - Hilly tribes, forest tribes
Language
Religion - Punjab, Kashmir
Types
Supra-state - Dravinadu movement - group identity of several states
Inter-state - Cauvery river water dispute
Intra-state - Telangana formation, Saurashtra by Gujarat people
Characteristics
Political
Economic
Social
Inadequate representation
Inequality
Health, education, IMR, MMR
Psychic phenomenon
Expression of group identity and loyalty to a region
Can prevent people from other regions get benefitted for larger good
Causes
Green revolution - rise of rich landed peasantry - political parties
Widening of electoral democracy
perception of economic discrimination or urge for speeder development - Jharkhand is underdeveloped even with rich natural resources
Economic non-performance of larger states
Assertion of different dialect communities
Decline of INC as dominant party - dependence increased on the regional political parties
Central political parties attempting to undermine regional parties
FDI - underdeveloped regions are not getting any investments
Positive Impacts
Scope for balanced regional development
Most of the demands have been within the constitutional framework
Self determination - important role in building of the nation
Socio-cultural diversity is given due importance
Negative Impacts
Internal security issues - Naxalism
serious threat to the development and unity of the nation which can impact the Peace and Economy
induced violence disturbs the whole society
impacts the development of the HR
Vote bank politics based on language and culture - National policies are now dominated by regional demands
Hurdle to international policy and diplomacy
Impacts India's status in the global arena
Suggestions
Doing away with regional imbalance
top priority to the economic development of deprived zones
check on regional political parties
Incentives to private players to develop in backward states through incentives, taxation relaxations etc.,
Acculturation - Diffusion and inter-mingling of cultures
Developed means of transport and communication
Proper education which inculcate positive values regarding regionalism