Defense condition against virus
Viral infection induce the release of
Cytokines
TNF
IL-1
Interferons (IFN) from infected cells = 1st active defense against a viral infection
Macrophages and DCs
present antigen to T cells and release
IL-1
IL-12
IFN-alpha
NK cells are activated by... to kill virally infected cells
IFN-alpha
IFN-ß
IL-23
Activate the immune response
Activate a target-cell antiviral defense to block viral replication
Enhance T-cell recognition of the infected cell
Recognition
VAP
NA
HA
RLR
TLR
TLR3
dsRNA
TLR7/8
ssRNA
TLR9
Sequence CpG in viral DNA
Cross barrier
Viral replication
Exceptions
Naked: endocytosis or viropexis; enveloped: fusion
Naked: lysis and release; enveloped: budding and release
MHCI
CD8
CTL
Kills cells
Perforins/granzymes