The Brain!
Brain Anatomy
Brain's Mental Functions
Thoughts
Emotions
Behaviours
Creativity
Analysis
Narration
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
The Cerebral Cortex
Human traits
Higher thought
Language
Human conciousness
Ability to think
Reason and imagine
4 Lobes of Brain
Bump on surface
Gyrus
Each Groove
Sulcus
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Front of brain
Reasoning
Motor Skills
Higher level cognition
Expressive language
Damages can lead to changes in...
Sexual habits
Socialization
Attention
Increased risk-taking
Middle section of brain
Processing tactile sensory information
Pressure
Touch
Pain
Somatosensory cortex is located
Essential to the processing of the body's senses
Bottom section of brain
Location of the primary auditory cortex
interpret sounds
Language we hear
Hippicampus
formation of memories
Damage can lead to problems with ....
memory
Speech perception
Language skills
Back portion of brain
Interpreting visual stimuli and information
Primary visual vortex
receives and interprets information fro the retinas of eyes.
Damages
Visual problems
identify colours
recognizing objects
recognizing words
Corpus Callosum
Not a lobe, connects two halves of brain together
allows communication of.. b/w both sides of the brain
motor
sensory
cognitive information
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
smallest region of brain
controls
visual and auditory systems
eye movement
Portions of midbrain called
red nucleus
substantia nigra
contains large # of dopamine-producing neurons
degeneration of neurons is associated with Parkinson's disease
connects cerebral cortex to the medulla, to the cerebellum, and serves a # of important functions...
autonomic functions
stimulating breathing
controlling sleep cycles
Located directly above spinal cord
controls vital autonomic functions
heart rate
breathing
blood pressure
Cerebellum "Little Brain"
Lie on top of the pons behind the brain stem
composed of small lobes
receives information from
the balance system of the inner ear
sensory nerves
auditory and visual systems
involved in coordination of movements & motor learning
10 % of brain's total size
accounts for more than 50 % of total # of neurons located in brain
serves to modify signals and make motor movements accurate and useful
Helps control...
posture
balance
coordination of voluntary movements
plays essential role in motor control and speech
touch, vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning & fine control movements
Hypothalamus
grouping of nuclei that lie along the base of the brain near the pituitary gland
responsible for controlling...
hunger, thirst, emotions, body temp regulation, circadian rhythms
also pituitary gland by secreting hormones
Thalamus
Located above brain stem
Processes and transmits movement and sensory information
'relay station'
take sensory information and pass it on the cerebral cortex
cerebral cortex also sends information to the thalamus
Limbic System
there is no totally agreed upon list of the structures that make up the limbic system
four main regions
The amygdala
The hippocampus
Regions of the limbic cortex
The septal area
These structures form connections between the limbic system and the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebral cortex
central in the control of emotional responses.
Basal Ganglia
large group of nuclei that partially surround the thalamus
important in the control of movement
red nucleus and substantia nigra of the midbrain have connections with the basal ganglia