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Epidermis, Dermis, Arsh, Amal, Jhacinda - Coggle Diagram
Epidermis
Keratinocytes- This is the main cell type found in the epidermis and the cells manufacture keratin " fibrous protein"
Layers of the Epidermis
Stratum Basale- This is deepest layer and it is thin. As it contains one single layer of cells. This layer has the most metabolically active keratinocytes, which protect the skin from UV radiation by producing the precursor to vitamin D.
Stratum Spinosum- This layer lays right above the stratum basale. This is the thickest layer in the epidermis structure. The cells in this layer are closer to the blood supply, so they are metabolically and mitotically active. These cells help produce vitamin D
Stratum Granulosum- This layer is made out 3-5 row of cells. This layer contains two types of granules. One type contains keratin bundles, and the other a lipid-based substance. Since lipids are hydrophobic, this layer forms a waterproof barrier that functions to prevent fluid loss from the body.
Stratum Lucidum- This layer is only found in THICK skin. It contains dead keratinocyte cells which are clear.
Stratum Corneum - This the first or the most superficial layer in the epidermis. It consists of several layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes because these cells have lost their normal organelles which leads to them shedding mechanically.
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Langerhans cells- These cells are important for the immunity of the skin. These cells attack any bacteria or virus that enters skin and get rid of it. These cells also protect injuries such as cuts.
Hair Shaft- This part of the hair is made up of dead keratin cells. Attatched to the outside of the shaft is a sweat gland. The hair shaft can also pertrude out and above the epidermis to the surface
Dermis
Blood Vessels- This sits near the bottom of the dermis layer and provides oxygen and nutrients to the layers above.
Hair Follicle- sits in the dermis and has a sebaceous gland that attached to the middle part of it. Right at the base of the follicle are tiny blood vessels as well.
Apocrine gland: Sweat gland that is found in the axillae, anal area, and the areola that secrete a thick sweat that is rich in proteins. They release their product into a hair follicle rather than through a pore. This gland is influenced by sex hormones.
Sebaceous gland**-is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.
Eccrine Gland-Are the major sweat glands of the human body, found in virtually all skin, with the highest density in palm and soles, then on the head, but much less on the torso and the extremities.
Reticular Layer-The reticular layer is denser than the papillary dermis, and it strengthens the skin, providing structure and elasticity. The reticular layer also contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Arrector pili muscle- The arrector pili muscles are small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals. Contraction of these muscles causes the hairs to stand on end, known colloquially as goose bumps.
Papillary layer- This is the most superficial layer in the dermis. This layer consists of loose connective tissue, contains a thin arrangement of collagen fibers. These cells are found in fibroblasts and phagocytes. This layer provides nutrients and regulates temperature.
Blood vessels: there are also tiny blood vessels called capillaries that are arranged in a way that fit in the superficial part of the dermal papilae so that oxygen and nutrients are able to diffuse
Fibroblasts- These are s are skin cells that give the skin its strength and resilience. It also produces components for extracellular matrix
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Dermal adipose tissue- Is a layer of adipocytes residing under the reticular dermis. Recent data have revealed a difference between the dermal adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue. ... In addition, manipulation of dermal adipose tissue highlights an important role of adipocytes for hair cycling and wound healing.
Sweat pores-Are simple tubular exocrine glands that are found in the superficial hypodermis bordering on the dermis. They discharge their contents onto the surface of the skin via coiled secretory ducts
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