Many students may also find videos of a human translator in the corner of the video who is translating spoken words into sign language. We've all seen translators who are present in news broadcasts or college lectures, but these are also very commonly found in educational videos as well.

Real-time transcription apps, a.k.a. Speech to Text, can be downloaded on most devices. They use sound captured from a speaker and transcribe them into text as they are being spoken. Apps include LiveTranscribe, Google Assistant, SpeechTexter

Closed captioning, transcripted videos, and annotated presentations can ensure that students are getting all the information that their hearing classmates are getting.

For deaf students with hearing aids or cochlear implants, there are cables that can connect directly to a computer or tablet

FM systems can be connected to a teacher's microphone so students can better hear their teacher. These work by sending FM radio signals directly to the student's hearing aid or cochlear implant at a constant volume, regardless of how far away they are from the speaker.

WHAT IS THE PROCESS FOR ENTERING A DEAF STUDENT INTO A SPECIAL EDUCATION PROGRAM?

Most deaf students require the same kind of attention as their classmates who are not deaf.

Most deaf students have received some type of special education service since they were born/lost their hearing

Many deaf students may have some kind of developmental delay because it was not known that they were deaf immediately.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss: caused by damage to the inner ear (cochlea). Sensorineural hearing loss is often permanent and more sever, affecting oral language development.

Mixed Hearing Loss: a combination of conductive and a sensorineural hearing loss.

Conductive Hearing Loss: caused by damage or obstruction in the external or middle ear that interrupts the transmission of sounds. Usually conductive hearing loss can be treated medically but can affect children’s language development in the case of frequent conductive losses.

Central Hearing Disorders: results of a disorder in the central auditory system between the brain stem and the auditory cortex in the brain

Notetakers who take written notes for the student so that they may focus on the class instruction.

Instruction for teachers and peers in communication methods such as sign language.

Special Education services provided by trained professionals including audiologists, speech-language pathologists, interpreters, and teachers of the Hearing Impaired.

Computers: There are many computer programs available to help students by supporting reading and language skills, auditory training, sign language instruction, and speech drills.

Alerting Devices: Common devices can be adapted for hearing impaired students, using vibrations and light to get the student’s attention, like watches, alarm clocks, fire alarms, and school bells.

Captioning: Using closed-captioning makes video used in class accessible for students with hearing impairments.

Cochlear Implants: A cochlear implant is a surgically implanted device designed for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss to make sounds audible.

Hearing Aids and Auditory Training Devices: In general, hearing aids amplify sound while auditory training devices are simpler, like FM devices that allow a student to wear headphones and hear the teacher who is speaking into a microphone.

Under IDEA a student's speech must be unintelligible much of the time or there exists a diagnosed condition. This can't be related to a student being a non-native speaker of English, if they can communicate normally in their native tongue.

Simple issues can be solved with voice instruction and pronunciation practice, whilst more complex issues could require years of therapy.

Text to speech programs such as Kurzweil 3000 allow text to be read aloud to students.

The use of AACs doesn't impact speech development and relieve the pressure to produce sound and instead to lead a focus on communication.

Stimuli can be used to encourage language development, such as giving students with selective mutism videos of themselves speaking to facilitate self-modelling.

Speech to text programs allow writing errors to be reduced.

Word prediction programs allow students with language impairments to write more effectively.

Materials: using teacher notes, computers, pictures, or lecture tapes

Student Response: oral / computer response

TBI can be mild to severe. While 75% of TBI is a mild, severe TBI can lead to permanent disability and even death.

55% Fall: In the US, most brain injuries in children are caused by falls.

24% Unintentional blunt trauma: Caused by being hit by a head with an object, like a soccer ball.

Motor vehicle crashes: Among children older than 5yo, car accidents are the number 1 cause of TBI related death

Assault: Number 1 cause of TBI related death for children under 5yo.

Traumatic brain injury does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries induced by birth trauma.

These can be prevented by using car seat or seat belt properly, wearing a helmet, installing safety gates for babies, avoiding shaking or jolting babies.

My mind map to identify IEP students

A learning disability cannot be cured or fixed; it is a lifelong challenge. However, with appropriate support and intervention, people with learning disabilities can achieve success in school, at work, in relationships, and in the community.