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Equine Viral Arteritis: Equine Reproductive Tract Infections - Coggle…
Equine Viral Arteritis:
Equine Reproductive Tract Infections
characteristics
nidovirales
arteriviridae
same family as PRRS
macrophage tropism
enveloped virus
casues vascular injury
leads to abortion
infection produces long-lasting immunity
Abs = end of viremia
persists in repro tract of carrier stallion
carrier stage linked to testosterone
geldings and mares cannot be carriers
outbreaks in donkeys and mules not reported
pathogenesis
found in respiratory secretions from 7-14d
severe necrotizing myometritis
abortion
usual no lesions on fetus
dies from anoxia
10-20 days post exposure
within a few days of clinical illnes
can 10-60% of mares during outbreak
placental retention not seen
sickly foal
mare clears virus, stallions do not
transmission
horizontal
venereal
from acutely or chronic carrier stallions
respiratory
incubation period 2d-2w
cleared w/n 28d of infection
clinical signs
:eye:
decreased libido
depression
nasal discharge
abortion
all stages of gestation affected
can occur in acute or convaslescent period
3-10mo after virus documented
stillbirth
decreased fertility
:microscope:
leukopenia
reduced sperm quality
:hand:
periorbital edema
scrotal and preputial edema
increased scrotal temp
:female-doctor:
respiratory illness
fever
post-mortem lesions
acute cases
edema
congestion
hemorrhages
fluid accumulation in body cavities
foals
pulmonary edema
interstitial pneumonia
splenic infarcts
enteritis
aborting mares
endoetrial hemorrhages
autolyzed fetus
histology
fibroid necrosis of the tunica media in small arteries
karyorrhexis of infiltrating leukocytes
diagnosis
differential
equine influenza
equine infectious anemia
equine herpesvirus-1 or 4
labs
virus isolation
semen
rabbit kidney cells
RT-PCR
Ag detection
serology
virus neutralization
complement fixation
AGID
IFA
fluor microsphere immunoassay
ELISA
prevention
test and isolate carrier stallions
only breed immune mares to susceptible stallions
immunizatoin
MLV
non-pregnant mares
stallion
mares before breeding
colts at 6-8mo
during outbreak
movement restriction
isolation/quarantine
hygiene
surveillance
immunization