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sociocultural factors in language learning - Coggle Diagram
sociocultural factors in language learning
language and culture
attitudes towards L2 culture
generalizations about a culture
feelings about L2 culture
the acculturation process
culture shock
negative feelings, confusion
culture stress
comparing, understanding
excitement
positive feelings
assimilation
culture acquisition is a process knocn as acculturation
what is culture?
connecting culture and language
language illustrates cultural standards
language expresses cultural values
culture plays a role in what we say and think
language and culture shape eachother
is our customs, ideas, art, food, music, clothing
is they way we think about time, family, friendship, money, work and possessions
teaching implications
teachers can help acculturation by organizing cultural events
classroom activities
having food festivals
having a "craft day"
bringing music rom different cultures
bringing photos of home country customs and traditions
giving informal presentations about different cultures
writing essays about other countries' holidays
comunicative competence
grammatical competence
the ability to correctly use the grammar, syntax and vocabulary of a language
discourse competence
the ability to connect in a coherent way and to produce longer stretches of talk and writing
strategic competence
knowing how to avoid answering a difficult question
sociolinguistic competence
is the ability to use and respond to language appropiately given the situation, the topic and the people
discourse
spoken discourse
In spoken discourse, we see longer stretches of talk, or conversation, between two or more people in specific cultures and contexts
conversation analysis
is the study of spoken language that focuses on ways that people participate in conversation and how conversation works in different settings
conversation is both social and interactive, contains functions
holding the floor
leading the conversation and keeping it on topic
topic shift change
changing the current topic during conversation
turn-taking
understanding how to take a turn in conversation
topic closing
finishing one topic and moving on to the next
topic nomination
starting a new topic
Pragmatics
sociopragmatic competence
is the culturally-appropriate use of the social rules of language, such as being polite.
pragmalinguistic competence
is the appropriate use of grammatical structures to respond to a speaker
is the study of language use, how meaning is expressed and understood in interactions.
teaching communicative competence
teaching conversation strategies
EL students need to build awareness of the sociocultural factors in conversation
topic nomination and change
They may also feel uncomfortable listening to a topic but not know how to change it. In fact, some topics may be taboo in their culture and learners may feel shy about them and still not know how to change topics in a polite way.
teaching pragmatics
expressing dissagreement
The level of politeness when disagreeing depends on the level of disagreement.
hedging
Sometimes it is better to soften a statement or opinion in order to lessen or mitigate its impact.
politeness
Another issue related to cultural norms in speech is politeness, particularly how to express disagreement
polite requests
Social norms also influence how we ask for help or a favor without appearing rude.
how is communicagive competence taught?
methods
task-based insruction
learner centered activities
activities
dialogue practice
real-life task
steps in teaching
assess students' needs
make materials student-specific
textboks with conversation pactice
sellect conversations suittable for your students
prepare dialog rich audio or video
create communicative activities
highlight conversation strategies
encourage pair work
model conversation dialogues
encourage individual practice
teaching classroom discourse
asking for clarification
asking comprehension
asking for an explanation
pragmatics beyond classroom
These strategies help learners communicate their needs or correct a misunderstanding.
asking for repetition
cross cultural awareness
raising awareness about different sociocultural rules of conversation is critical.
paralinguistics
Understanding non-verbal communication, such as eye contact, head-nodding