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What is Fascism? - Coggle Diagram
What is Fascism?
FIVE PILLARS:
NATIONALISM
SOCIAL DARWINISM
MILITARISM
SOCIAL UNITY
AUTHORITARIANISM
Fascism Changing Program, 1919 - 1922
1921- Strengthening the Fascism Ideology
Fascist programs became more conservative, violent, and open to all.
Opened up more to anyone who owned little property or received slightly more than an urban worker's wage.
Became more just about anti-communism, patriotism, and strike-breaking.
Became attractive to those who felt attracted to the idea of a Liberal State.
During the 1920s, it needed to remain diverse and attract more conservative attention.
It also made sure to clarify its simmer ideas to the church such as making strong commitment to family values.
1921- Mussolini Election
Mussolini began to focus on the government election to try to make fascim more acceptable.
He selected specific candidates that would ensure fascism standards.
At that time fascism had been able to grow and succeed through violent threats.
However this would not be able to integrate fascism into the government.
1921 & 1922 - The Beginning of the Facist Party
October 1921, the Fascist Party was nationally established.
1922 its main ideals were set in stone.
Fascism's main elements are anti-socialism, patriotism, and emphasis on Mussolini's leadership.
March on Rome
Political weakness in Italy at a climax
Occupation of towns and provinces by Fascists
May
-
Italy Balbo
and 50,000 unemployed men seized
Ferrara
and forced the council to give them work by setting up
public works schemes
July
-
Roberto Farinacci
launched attacks on the leaders' of
Cremona
's lives and property
June
-
Italo Balbo
along with the
squadristi
evicted
Cesare Mori
out of the city of Bologna
September
-
squadristi
seizes the
German speaking
towns in
South Tyrol
from Venice and forced out the legal admnistration
Increase in magnitude and intensity of Fascist violence throughout Italy
LEGACY OF POST_WWI
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
INFLATION
UNEMPLOYMENT
STRIKES
POLITICAL PROBLEMS
GROWTH OF SOCIALISM
1919 Elections
"MUTILATED VICTORY"
Seizure of FIUME
March 1919 Meeting: conception fo fascism in Italy
COMBAT GROUP
Fascio Italian di Combattimento
First violent fascist attack: socialist newspaper Avanti headquarters. Mussolini defended the acts but did not get directly involved.
Fascio Italiano di Combattimento (Italian Combat Group) -> title of the fascists.
Fascist private army: Arditi; use of force, respectability, and political maneuvering continued until 1926.
Started in Milan, quickly spread to northern villages and towns; made up of ex-servicemen and unhappy students.
Appeal: ideas of the movement, stressing of national identity, desirability of national strength/glory, revolutionary social and economic changes. Appealed to ex-servicemen who were unhappy with anti-war politicians and the "mutilated victory".
Move to rural fascism -> 1920's, groups of young fascists (squadristi), went to the countryside and violently attacked socialist Labour Leagues. Rural farmers and landowners viewed the squadristi as their allies.
"Gangs" became a major and enduring feature of fascism.
1 more item...
Birth of Fascism
Mussolini - editor of
Il Popolo d'Italia
shared D'Annunzio's views on his contempt for Liberalism and hatred for Socialism
Claimed that his newspaper was for combatants and producers and against parasites in Italy's economy
Producers: soldiers, farmers and factory workers
Parasitic groups: businessmen who were rich from war contracts, Socialists who opposed war and Liberal politicians
Translation from rhetoric to action
